Quiz 1 Study Guide Flashcards
Reversal agent for opioids
Naloxone/Narcan
Reversal agents for nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents (3)
Edrophonium (Tensilon)
Neostigmine
Sugammade
Reversal agent for benzos
Flumazenil/Romazicon
Used to treat Tylenol overdose
N-Acetylcysteine
Movement of a drug from the site of administration to the bloodstream
Absorption
Movement of a drug from the bloodstream to the tissues/cells (site of action)
Distribution
*Breaking down the drug (most drugs are broken down by the liver)
Metabolism
Removal of a drug from the body (most drugs are eliminated by the kidneys)
Elimination
Absorption through:
GI tract
Oral
sublingual
buccal
rectal
nasogastric
Enteral
Absorption through:
Besides the intestines
Intravenous (IV)
intramuscular (IM)
subcutaneous (SC)
Intrathecal (IT)
Intraosseous
Parenteral (injectable)
Absorption through:
Applied to the skin.
Patches
creams
eye drops
Transdermal and topical
Absorption through:
Lungs
Nebulizers
MDIs
DPIs
Inhalation
Why would you be required to go to the ICU?
Acute Respiratory Disease: ARDS, Pneumonia, Trauma, Sepsis, Postop failure, Aspiration, Overdose.
Chronic Respiratory Disease: COPD and Asthma Exacerbation, Restrictive Lung Disease.
Upper or Central Airway Obstruction: Tumor, Foreign Body Obstruction.
Cardiac: Heart Failure, Arrythmia
Neuromuscular Disease: Guillain-Barre, Tetanus, Botulism, Coma, Head Trauma
Signs and Symptoms of Mild Hypoxia
Shortness of breath
mild respiratory distress
excitement
overconfidence
restlessness
anxiety
euphoria
lightheadedness
nausea
dizziness
fatigue
Increased respiratory rate
increased heart rate
mild hypertension
peripheral vasoconstriction.
Signs and symptoms of moderate hypoxia
Increased respiratory distress
agitation
impaired judgment
confusion
decreased night vision
disorientation
listlessness
headache
tingling
loss of coordination
Tachycardia
tachypnea
hyperventilation (increased minute volume), accessory muscle use,
intercostal retractions,
hypertension,
and cardiac arrhythmias
Signs and symptoms of severe hypoxia
Severe dyspnea
confusion
somnolence
severe headache
visual disturbances
and slowed reaction time.
Slowed, irregular breathing,
cyanosis,
hypertension followed by hypotension, tachycardia followed by bradycardia, unconsciousness,
and coma.
Sedative/hypnotic drugs are _____ nervous system depressants
Central nervous system
Are a commonly used, safe group of drugs that treat anxiety and insomnia. Administered PO, IV, or IM
Benzodiazepines
- Diazepam (Valium)
- alprazolam (Xanax)
- Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Midazolam (Versed)
- Temazepam (Restoril)
Opioids
Morphine
Fentanyl
Hydromorphone
Is an anesthesia drug used in surgery and during certain medical tests and procedures that may not be well tolerated by the patient. Administered IV or IM.
Ketamine
Is the most used parenteral (IV) anesthetic in the (U.S.
“Propofol” (Diprivan)
is a sedative used in the critical care setting to sedate mechanically ventilated patients. Administration IV
Dexmedetomidine (Precedex)
is the only depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (acetylcholine agonist). Administered IM or IV
Succinylcholine
(Onset is (30 seconds to 1 minute) and lasts (5 to 8 minutes).
Frequently used for short procedures such as intubation.
are used clinically to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery. Administered IM or IV.
Neuromuscular blocking agents
Can help assess for the presence of infection, allergic reactions, and leukemia
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
May decrease hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) levels
Anemia
May be caused by renal failure, acid-base disturbances (acidosis or alkalosis), or dehydration, which may cause elevated (Na+)
Electrolyte disorders
Can be caused by kidney disease or muscle tissue breakdown
Elevated creatinine:
May increase with kidney disease, dehydration or a high-protein die
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN
Associated specifically with kidney disease
Elevated (BUN) and serum creatinine
Associated with liver disease, biliary obstruction or a hemolytic disorder
Elevated total bilirubin:
Used to confirm a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI)
Elevated troponin levels and CK-MB (Creatine Kinase)
Anticoagulant indicated for venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation (AF), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and peripheral arterial embolism
Heparin
ORAL anticoagulant for venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism (PE), atrial fibrillation, valve replacement, coronary occlusion
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Coagulant Indicated for risk of stroke and systemic embolism (2)
Xarelto (Rivaroxaban)
Eliquis (Apixaban)
Cardiac drug for Management of chronic heart failure and Afib. Decreases HR and AV conduction
Digoxin
Used for ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
*Used to terminate (SVTs) only
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Frequently used to treat ventricular arrhythmia (VA) during cardiac surgery or after (MI)
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Instilled in the airway prior to suctioning. Not recommended by AARC guidelines.
Normal Saline Solution
