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Exercise Physiology > Quiz 1 ( structure and function of muscle) > Flashcards

Quiz 1 ( structure and function of muscle) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Epimysium?

A

Connective tissue that surrounds ENTIRE muscle/ gives it shape

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2
Q

What is Perimysium?

A

Connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle individually.

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3
Q

What is a fascicle?

A

small bundle of fibers wrapped in Perimysium

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4
Q

What is Endomysium?

A

Connective tissue that covers EACH muscle fiber

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5
Q

What is the correct order from SMALLEST TO LARGEST ? peri, endo, epi?

A

ENDO- PERI-EPI

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6
Q

what is a myocyte?

A

multi nucleated cells

tube like structure

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7
Q

What are satellite cells?

A

Undifferentiated cells of musclefibers

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8
Q

what/how is muscular membrane damage created?

A

Resistance training which ACTIVATES satellite cells which plays a key role with muscle growth/repair

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9
Q

How many stimuli activate the satellite cells which leads to myogenesis of any specific fiber type?

A

Seven

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10
Q

What does tintin do?

A

provides elasticity and stabilizes myosin

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11
Q

What are the two binding sites of myosin?

A

Actin binding site

ATPase site

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12
Q

what is the excitation-contraction coupling?

A

Calcium binds to troponin
Cooperative conformational changes takes place in troponin-tropomyosin system
The Inhibition of actin and myosin interaction is released
Crossbridges of myosin filaments are attached to actin filaments
Tension is exerted and/or the muscle shortens by sliding filament mechanism

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13
Q

What is the Z line

A

Actin molecules are bound to the Z line, which forms the borders of the sarcomere. Other bands appear when the sarcomere is relaxed

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14
Q

After the power stroke of the crossbridge that causes the sliding of the thin filaments, what happens next in contraction?

A

The binding of ATP to the crossbridge, which results in the crossbridge disconnecting from the actin
The hydrolysis of ATP, which leads to the re-energising and repositioning of the crossbridge
Cessation of AP- reuptake of Ca2+ into Sarcroplasmic reticulum
relaxation

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15
Q

What are the two components of muscle fibers?

A

Sarcolemma and Plasmalemma

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16
Q

What is the Sarcolemma

A

A structure that is made up of the plasmalemma and basement membrane

17
Q

What is the Plasmalemma

A

A plasma membrane that surrounds EACH muscle fiber

18
Q

What does the plasmalemma assist in?

A

The transmission of the action potential from the motor neuron to the muscle fiber

19
Q

What is the motor unit?

A

motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

20
Q

Where are satellite cells located?

A

between plasmalemma and basement membrane

21
Q

What is the sarcoplasm

A

Gelatin like substance that fills the space between MYOFIBRILS
contains dissolved proteins, minerals, glycogen, fats an organelles ( mitochondria and others that promote muscle growth/ repair)

22
Q

What are transverse tubules

A

T tubules

Extension of plasmalemma, located in sarcoplasm that presses along muscle fiber

23
Q

What is the sacroplasmic reticulum

A

longitudinal network of tubules that parallel the myofibrils and loop them around

24
Q

What is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

calcium

25
Q

What is a myofibril

A

smaller than the whole muscle fiber

contains two contractile proteins - actin ( thin) myosin (thick)

26
Q

How are cross bridge’s formed

A

many myosin heads

crossbridge interacts with thin filaments

27
Q

What are the three proteins that make up thin filaments

A

Actin, tropomyosin and troponin

28
Q

what is the tropomyosin strand also known as

A

Protein strand

29
Q

What binds to Tnc to make myosin?

A

Calcium

30
Q

What is the sliding filament theory

A

When each sacromere which contains thin and thick filaments overlap and SLIDE PAST eachother when the muscle contracts ( shortening of muscle)
Cross bridge cycling creates the molecular basis for this to happen

31
Q

When is muscle contraction initiated?

A

when muscle fibers are stimulated by a nerve impulse AND calcium ions are released

32
Q

What are the three types of muscle action

A

isometric, concentric and eccentric

33
Q

What is isometric muscle movement

A

Muscle tension= muscle load

no change in length of muscle when tension is developed

34
Q

what is concentric muscle movement

A

muscle tension > muscle load
muscle shortens while developing tension
think of CONSTRICTING both start with CON so muscle is shortening like constricting

35
Q

what is eccentric muscle movement

A

muscle tension > muscle load
muscle trying to shorten but is being forced to lighten
ex- think of doing a bicep curl ( when lowering the dumbbell)

Exercise Physiology (1 decks)

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