Quiz 1 Semester 2 Flashcards
Name age-related changes that occur to our bodies as we age.
Gray hair
Decreased elasticity of skin
Decreased muscle mass
Decreased cardiac output
Decreased ability to hear high frequencies
Diminished eyesight
What is the basic building block of the body?
Cells
The cell consists of three main parts. What are they and what are their functions?
Cytoplasm- gel like substance where work of body cell is done.
Cell Membrane- outer layer of cell that provides protection.
Nucleus- stores the cell’s DNA.
What are the five (5) physiological needs?
Need for air
Need for food and fluids
Need for activity and rest
Need for protection
Need for elimination of bodily waste.
What are the three (3) psychosocial needs?
The need for everyday human contact
The need for friendship, intimacy and family.
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is the division of cells. The cell splits into two parts - each exactly like the other and then these two cells divide again and again.
What is metabolism?
The chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism. These changes make energy and the materials cells and organisms need to grow, reproduce, and stay healthy.
What is homeostasis? Give three (3) examples of how our bodies show homeostasis.
Homeostasis is the body’s attempt to keep its internal environment stable or in balance.
The body temperature remains constant.
The blood pressure remains within specific limits.
The chemistry of the blood remains within normal limits (pH balance)
Name 10 bodily systems.
Integumentary
Circulatory
Muscular
Digestive
Respiratory
Nervous
Urinary
Reproductive
Skeletal
Endocrine
What are the organs of the integumentary system? Describe each one.
Sweat glands help the body regulate temperature and to also maintain fluid balance and
ridding of body wastes.
Oil glands lubricate the skin and keep the hair flexible and shiny.
Oil glands lie near hair shafts and secrete an oily substance onto the skin.
Hair covers almost all the body surfaces except for the palms of hands and soles of the feet.
Hair will grow from a follicle (or root).
Hair in the nose, ears and eyes protects from dust, insects and foreign objects.
Hair helps to retain heat.
Nails help to protect the fingers and toes and also allow the hands to pick up small objects.
What is the largest organ in the body?
The skin.
What are the three layers of skin (in order)?
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis.
What are the functions of the skin?
Protection
Sensation
Thermoregulation
Vitamin D synthesis
Elimination
What are four (4) distinct categories of tissues? Give an example of each type.
Epithelial
Muscle
Connective
Nervous
Name what structures are found in the dermis.
Blood vessels, nerve fibers, sweat and oil glands and hair roots are found in the dermis.
When you have a fever, how does the skin work in order to regulate your temperature?
Blood vessels vasodilate close to the surface of skin.
As a result, heat comes closer to the surface with the blood.
Sweat glands are stimulated to produce sweat.
Sweat travels through sweat ducts to the skin surface through pores.
Heat gets carried away through the process of evaporation.
When providing care for someone with a fever, what are five (5) things you can do?
Check temperature every 4 hours
Bathe resident and change clothing and bedding prn
Give extra fluids (water, ice chips or other clear fluids)
Cool cloth to the forehead
Light clothing and /or covers
Bed clothes not tucked in. Drape them over the side rails
Fan, but not directly on the person
Cool cloth to the back of the neck
Dampen hair on the top of the head or cool cloth on top of bald head
We know that friction, shearing, immobility and moisture are four causes of skin breakdown; what are five (5) other common causes of skin breakdown?
Immobility
Obesity
Diabetic
Poor circulation
Residents in casts
When you are caring for a resident, what are some ways that you can help protect a resident’s skin?
Keep the skin clean and dry.
Providing lotion and gentle massage.
Protect the skin from scratching, rubbing, or other trauma.
Clothing, shoes, braces and splints should fit properly.
Bed should be free of wrinkles.
Resident’s nails should be kept short and smooth, as well as staff’s
Frequent changes of position, using proper positioning techniques.
Dependent residents at risk should be repositioned q2hours.
It is VERY important to inspect the skin of the resident during cares; what should you observe and look for?
Skin color
Skin temperature
Excessive moisture or dryness
Darkened or reddened areas, especially over bony prominences
Rashes
Swelling
Bruising
Skin tears
Wounds/ulcers
Other abnormalities