quiz 1 (section 1) Flashcards
1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1 [includes drawing bohr models]
1.1
whmis
workplace hazardous material information system
1.1
msds
material safety data sheet:
- contains info on potential hazards + how to work safely with chemicals
describes first aid, clean up, toxicity, chemical and physical properties
1.1
hazard symbols
triangle: caution
diamond: warning
octagon: danger
more sides = more danger
1.2
physical properties definition
list examples
characteristic of a substance that can be observed/measured without changing the identity of the substance
ex. colour, size, density, malleability, ductility
1.2
physical change
change in size, shape, state
retains the same physical properties-no new substance is made
can be used to seperate matter
1.2
malleability
ability to be shaped (beat) or extended (rolled
mallebility = mallet beating material
1.2
ductility
ability to be drawn into wires (copper)
1.2
solubility
ability to dissolve
1.2
conductivity
ability to transmit heat or electricity
1.2
chemical properties definition
list examples
properties that indicate if a substance can undergo certain chemical changes
ex, reaction to acid/heat/water, ability to burn, behaviour in air
1.2
chemical change
when one substance changes into another
chemical bonds are broken
1.2
law of conservation of mass
states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed, although it may be rearranged
1.2
chemical reaction
process that occurs when a subtance reacts to create a new substance
chemical bonds are broken
reactant (start) has different properties than products (final)
1.2
endothermic vs exothermic
chemical reactions involve the transfer of energy
endo: heat enters the system
exo: heat exits the system
1.2
evidence of chemical reactions
bubbles - gas forming
precipitates - solid forms
cloudy - precipitate/solid forms, not falling
1.3
heating (cooking)
methods for preserving food
chemical or physical process?
temporarily sterilizes food, kills bacteria
primarily chemical process
1.3
freezing (storage)
methods for preserving food
chemical or physical process?
halts the growth of bacteria
physical process
1.3
salting (beef jerky)
methods for preserving food
chemical or physical process?
salt uses osmosis to remove water from the food and bacteria in it
changes the taste but kills the bacteria
physical process with chemical implications
1.3
fermentation
methods for preserving food
chemical or physical process?
uses beneficial bacteria to create natural preservative (lactic acid)
sauerkraut and alcohol is made that way
chemical process
1.3
smoking
methods for preserving food
chemical or physical process?
smoking (bacon/fish) introduces antioxidants that helps control the number of bacteria
combo. of physical and chemical processes
1.3
metallurgy
what are the 3 ways
defined as a process that is used for the extraction of metals in their pure form
annealing, smelting, making alloys
1.3
annealing
heating metal before hammering it
made copper easier to manipulate and strengthed it
1.3
smelting
separating a metal from other compounds with heat
most copper is mixed w other compounds and used to be unusable
1.3
making alloys
chemical mixtures
bronze (copper + tin), steel (iron + carbon)
1.3
- who discovered the scientific method?
- who discovered the law of conservation of mass?
prolly not on test
- robert boyle
- antione laviosier
1.3
what did john dalton discover
what was his diagram
atoms
billiard ball model
+ how they cant be created/destroted, can be combined/rearranged, etc
1.3
what did jj thomson discover and how (experiment)
what was his model
electrons; using a cathode ray tube
raison bun model
1.3
what did ernest rutherford discover and how (experiement)
what was his model
atoms are mostly empty space
the positive charge is concentrated in a nucleus/centre
electrons fly around the outside
using the GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT
planetary model
1.3
summarize the gold foil experiment
gold foil was hit with alpha particles, which have a positive charge.
most alpha particles went right through; some had their paths bent, others bounced backward.
The only way this would happen was if the atom had a small, heavy region of positive charge inside it.
1.3
what did neils bohr discover
what was his model
electrons have different amounts of energy
bohr model shows orbits representing diff. energy levels
each orbit has specific # of electrons
bohr model
metal qualities
strong, high density, high mp+bp, malleable, ductile, solid at room temp (except Hg), good conductors
nonmetal qualities
low density, low mp+bp, non malleable, non ductile, come in all states at room temp, prro conductors, dull
metalloid qualities
in between metals and nonmetals
periodic table organization
1. periods
2. groups/families
periods are horizontal
groups are vertical
organized by atomic number
alkali metals
group 1
1 electron in valence shell; very reactive
soft, shiny, reative
alkaline-earth metals
group 2
2 electrons in valence shell; reactive
shiny, reactive, hard
halogens
group 17
missing one electron
- (7 in valence shell)
reactive non metals
noble gas
group 18
non reactive
full valence shells
what subatomic particles are in the nucleus (nucleons) and what aren’t
nucleons: protons and neutrons
outside- elections
how to find
1. proton
2. electron
3. neutron
- atomic number
- element: atomic number*
- atomic mass-protons
*ion: look at charge to see how mahy electrons were removed/added
cation and anion
cation: positive ion;
(metals) - wants to lose electrons
anion: negative ion;
(nonmetals) - wants to gain electrons
valence electrons
why are they important
electrons on the outer shell/valance level
outer most electrons have more energy
ion
formed when elements form ionic bounds
one element loses electrons, other gains electrons
isotopes
what is different compared to an element?
different types of atoms of the same element
how many neutrons are diferent therefore atomic mass is different
carbon-14 has AM of 14
carbon-12 has AM of 12
what changes with:
1. protons
2. electrons
3. neutrons
- changes the element/atomic number
- changes the charge, becomes an ion
- changes the mass, becomes isotope
