Quiz 1 - Science of Psychology / Major Perspectives (2) Flashcards
Which of the below is the best definition of psychology?
The scientific study of behaviour and the mind.
What is the ‘fundamental problem’ of psychology?
Making valid and reliable inferences about internal states and processes we cannot directly observe.
With respect to the characteristics of science presented in the lecture, which word refers to “prefer the simpler of two competing hypotheses”?
Parsimony.
Which of the following ‘levels of analysis’ is at the ‘psychological level’ related to depression? (You may need to refer to the textbook to answer this question.)
Negative or pessimistic thought patterns.
Which of the below statements is not associated with the psychoanalytic perspective?
Phobias are learned and therefore can be unlearned.
Imagine this - a year ago you had a meal of sausages after which you became violently ill (nothing to do with the delicious sausages, you just had a ‘stomach bug’) and to this day the smell of cooking sausages makes you feel nauseous. In this example, what is the conditioned response?
The feeling of nausea at the smell of cooking sausages.
In the context of understanding phobias from psychoanalytic and behavioural perspectives, by teaching ‘Little Albert’ to fear a white laboratory rat, John Watson demonstrated that:
Phobias can be learned through simple classical conditioning principles.
IMPORTANT: John Watson ‘taught’ Little Albert to fear a white rat. After conditioning (learning), the white rat became:
A conditioned stimulus.
NOT A conditioned response.
Behaviour is influenced by its consequences - behaviour that is reinforced is likely to be repeated; behaviour that is punished is not likely to be repeated.
operant conditioning
After a child misbehaved, his parents stopped him from watching TV for one week. This is an example of:
Negative punishment.
NOT Negative reinforcement.
