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Geology > Quiz 1: rock terms > Flashcards

Quiz 1: rock terms Flashcards

1
Q

Define extrusive

A

rock that has cooled rapidly above the earth’s crust forming small crystals

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2
Q

Define intrusive

A

rock that has cooled slowly underneath the crust, forming large crystals

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3
Q

Define phenocryst

A

relatively large crystal within a fine-grained groundmass of porphyritic rock

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4
Q

Define porphyritic

A

rock composed of large crystals (phenocrysts) set in ground mass (fine grained material)

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5
Q

Define phaneritic

A

rock composed predominantly of crystals visible to naked eye, commonly intrusive eg granite

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6
Q

Define holocrystalline

A

rock composed completely of glass

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7
Q

Define hypocrystalline

A

rock is partly crystals and partly glass

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8
Q

Define Holohyaline

A

Rock is totally glass

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9
Q

Define glomeroporphyritic

A

aggregates of phenocrysts

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10
Q

Define aphanitic

A

crystalline components not visible to the naked eye

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11
Q

Define pegmatitic

A

exceptionally coarsely crystalline, crystals bigger than 25mm

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12
Q

Define pumiceous

A

large number of vesicles giving a sponge or frothy appearance to a silicate rock

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13
Q

Define fluidal

A

wavy patterns with elongated minerals parallel to the flow direction

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14
Q

Define euhedral

A

well developed crystals

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15
Q

Define subhedral

A

some of the crystal faces are well developed

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16
Q

Define anhedral

A

none of the crystal faces are well developed

17
Q

Define xenolith

A

foreign rock (polymineralic inclusion)

18
Q

Define xenocryst

A

foreign mineral (monomineralic inclusion)

19
Q

Define vesicle

A

gas cavity, eg vesicular basalt

20
Q

define amygdale

A

gas cavity lined with a secondary mineral, eg amygdaloidal basalt

21
Q

Define vugh

A

small cavity often lined with a secondary mineral

Geology (3 decks)

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