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Fall 2020 - Physiology 3 - Neuro > Quiz 1 Review > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Blood Brain Barrier created by?

A

Astrocytes

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2
Q

What type of molecules does the Blood Brain Barrier allow in?

A

Small Lipophilic Molecules

EX: Scopolamine

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3
Q

What does the Blood Brain Barrier NOT allow in?

A

Large Charged Molecules

EX: Glycopyrrolate

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4
Q

What produces Myelin?

A

Schwann Cells in the PNS - can wrap only one axon

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5
Q

What is the function of Myelin?

A

Surrounds & Protects Peripheral Nervous System Axons

&

↑Nerve Conduction Velocity

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6
Q

What disease causes CNS Demyelination?

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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7
Q

What are the Main Components of the Intracranial Vault?

A

Brain

Blood

CSF

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8
Q

How much of the Intracranial Vault is made up of blood?

A

5 - 10%

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9
Q

In which direction do Afferent Impulses travel in regards to the CNS?

A

Afferent Impulses travel TOWARDS the CNS

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10
Q

Which part of the brain is considered the Processing Center of Sensory Info?

A

Thalamus

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11
Q

The _______ is the “Captain” of the Autonomic Nervous System

A

The HYPOTHALAMUS is the “Captain” of the Autonomic Nervous System

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12
Q

Which part of the brain controls Respiration & CV Function?

A

Brain Stem

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13
Q

Which membrane connects directly to the Brain & Spinal Cord?

A

Pia Mater

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14
Q

Which Meninges Membrane is considered the middle layer and contains CSF?

A

Arachnoid Mater

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15
Q

What forms the Venous Sinuses of the Brain?

A

The Dura - Outermost Two Layers

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16
Q

What is an Epidural Hematoma?

A

A Meningeal Arterial Bleed b/t the Skull & Dura Mater

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17
Q

What is formed when there is bleeding b/t the Dura & Arachnoid Mater?

A

Subdural Hematoma

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18
Q

What can causes a Subdural Hematoma?

A

Tears in the Bridging Veins

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19
Q

Where does the bleeding occur w/ a Subarachnoid Hematoma?

A

Between the Arachnoid Membrane & Pia Mater

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20
Q

What can cause a Subarachnoid Hematoma?

A

Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms

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21
Q

What produces CSF?

A

Choroid Plexus

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22
Q

What is the function of CSF?

A

Surrounds & Cushions CNS

&

Absorbed into Venous Sinuses

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23
Q

Which Cranial Nerve is responsible for Facial Expressions and controls the Orbicularis Oculi?

A

Cranial Nerve VII

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24
Q

Cranial Nerve _______ controls the _______, which is monitored during a Parotidectomy

A

Cranial Nerve VII controls the OBICULARIS OCULI, which is monitored during a Parotidectomy

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25
Q

What does Cranial Nerve IX, the Glossopharyngeal Nerve, innervate?

A

Carotid Sinus Baroreceptors

Posterior Oral Mucosa

Swallowing Muscles of the Pharynx

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26
Q

What innervates the Cricothyroid Muscle?

A

Super Laryngeal Nerve (SLN) branch of the Vagus Nerve

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27
Q

Which muscle is the only Adductor Muscle of the Vocal Cords?

A

Cricothyroid Muscle

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28
Q

What is one of the major concerns regarding Thyroid Surgery?

A

Superior Laryngeal Nerve (SLN) Damage

&

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN) Damage

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29
Q

What does the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN) do?

A

Innervates Abductor Muscles of the Vocal Cords

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30
Q

Damage to which nerve would cause an Airway Emergency?

A

Bilateral Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN)

31
Q

What happens when the Cardiac Branches of the Vagus Nerve are stimulated?

A

Bradycardia

32
Q

What happens w/ the stimulation of the Pulmonary Branches of the Vagus Nerve?

A

Bronchoconstriction

33
Q

What produces the Myelin Sheath around the Axons in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

34
Q

What allows for Potential Regeneration of Damaged Axons in the PNS?

A

Neurolemma

35
Q

________ are highly aggressive Neuroglial Tumors

A

GLIOBLASTOMAS are highly aggressive Neuroglial Tumors

36
Q

What is the result of a Damaged Frontal Lobe of the Brain?

A

Abnormal Behavior

37
Q

Which part of the Brain is the Visual Center?

A

Occipital Lobe

38
Q

What does the Cerebellum control?

A

Coordination & Fine Motor

39
Q

Where does the Brain receive its Arterial Supply?

A

Bilateral Carotid & Vertebral Arteries

40
Q

Which Circulatory Structure of the Brain do the Carotid & Vertebral Arteries feed into?

A

Circle of Willis

41
Q

When the Carotid Arteries Branch, what do they form?

A

Middle & Anterior Cerebral Arteries

42
Q

Which artery does the Right Carotid Artery arise from?

A

Innominate Artery

43
Q

Which arteries do both Vertebral Arteries arise from?

A

Subclavian Arteries

44
Q

Where does the solid Spinal Cord end in adults?

A

At the Conus Medullaris near L1-L2

45
Q

What connects the Conus Medullaris to the Coccyx?

A

Filum Terminalis

46
Q

What is the Cauda Equina (Horse’s Tail) made of?

A

Spinal Nerve Pairs L2-L5

Sacral Nerves

Coccygeal Nerve

47
Q

The Dorsal Roots are _________ arising from Cell Bodies in the Dorsal Root Ganglia

A

The Dorsal Roots are SENSORY FIBERS arising from Cell Bodies in the Dorsal Root Ganglia

48
Q

The Ventral Roots are ___________ arising from the Ventral Horn of the Spinal Cord

A

The Ventral Roots are MOTOR FIBERS arising from the Ventral Horn of the Spinal Cord

49
Q

Where are the Interneuron Cell Bodies located?

A

Dorsal Horn of the Spine

50
Q

What do Interneuron Cell Bodies do?

A

Connect Sensory & Motor Neurons for Reflex Responses to Stimuli

51
Q

Where do Cervical Spine Nerves 1 - 7 exit?

A

From ABOVE their vertebral bodies

52
Q

Where does Spinal Nerve 8 exit?

53
Q

Where do Spinal Nerves NOT 1-8 emerge from?

A

From the same numbered vertebral body

54
Q

Which Nerves are the sole motor supply of the Diaphragm?

A

Phrenic Nerves C3-C5

55
Q

Damage to which nerve would cause Respiratory Failure?

A

Injury to Bilateral Phrenic Nerves

56
Q

Which Regional Anesthesia commonly causes Phrenic Nerve Block?

A

Interscalene Block

57
Q

Which arteries arise from the Vertebral Arteries & extends to the Conus Medullaris?

A

Anterior & Posterior Spinal Arteries

58
Q

Which nerves can be injured from Improper Arm Positioning?

A

Brachial Plexus Injury

&

Ulnar Nerve Injury

59
Q

Proper positioning of Abducted Arms requires the hands to be ________

A

Proper positioning of Abducted Arms requires the hands to be SUPINATED

60
Q

Improper positioning of the legs and cause damage to which nerve?

A

Common Peroneal Nerve

61
Q

What does the Femoral Nerve do?

A

Sensory to Anterior Thigh

&

Motor to Quad Muscles

62
Q

Which nerve provides Motor Innervation to the Leg below the Knee?

A

Sciatic Nerve

63
Q

What do Nociceptors do?

A

Detect Physical & Chemical pain and damage to tissues

64
Q

Baroreceptors are a type of __________

A

Baroreceptors are a type of MECHANORECEPTOR

65
Q

What do the Descending Spinal Tracts do?

A

Carry sensory impulses AWAY from the Brain

66
Q

How do the Upper Motor Neurons of the Descending Spinal Tract travel?

A

From Brain to Spinal Cord

67
Q

How do the Lower Motor Neurons of the Descending Spinal Tract travel?

A

From Spinal Cord to Neuromotor Junction

68
Q

What do the Ascending Spinal Tracts do?

A

Carry Sensory Impulses TOWARD the Brain

69
Q

How do the First Order Neurons of the Ascending Spinal Tracts travel?

A

From Periphery to the Spinal Cord

70
Q

How do the Second Order Nuerons of the Ascending Spinal Tracts travel?

A

From the Spinal Cord to the Thalamus

71
Q

Where are the T4 Dermatomes located?

A

Nipple Level

72
Q

Where are the T10 Dermatomes located?

A

Umbilicus Level

73
Q

Where are the T6 Dermatomes located?

A

Level of the Tip of the Xiphoid Process

Fall 2020 - Physiology 3 - Neuro (2 decks)

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