Quiz 1 questions Flashcards
Nerve-glial antigen 2 (NG2) + cells are a population of CNS glial cells which make up 5% of human glial cells. Which of the following statements about NG2 cells is true?
A. NG2 cells, despite being glial cells, are capable of forming excitatory and inhibitory synapses with neurons
B. NG2 cells are phagocytic immune cells which reside within CNS tissue
C. NG2 cells are the predominant source of myelination within the central nervous system
D. NG2 cells are more typically known as “Astrocyte Precursor Cells” or “APCs”
Answer: B
Regeneration within the PNS is faster and more successful if the perineurium and epineurium are entirely severed during the injury (ie, cut with a scalpel is better than crushed with a rock).
True
False
False
The predominant type of cells making up a majority of the meningeal layers are ___
cells.
fibroblasts
Choose the FALSE statement regarding the circle of Willis.
A. The posterior communicating artery in the Circle of Willis connects the posterior cerebral artery with the interior carotid.
B. A complete Circle of Willis is present in >70% of the population
C. 85% of aneurysms occur in the Circle of Willis
D. Communicating arteries in the Circle of Willis are smaller arteries which run perpendicularly between their larger counterparts.
Answer: B
Which factor is required to be expressed by neural crest cells in order to induce glial lineage (Schwann cell) differentiation?
A. Snail 1 and 2
B. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs)
C. Sex determining region Y- box 10 (SOX10)
D. P75
Answer: C
How many cell layers are there in the cerebral cortex?
6
List the three primary nerves which convey sensory informations through the trigeminal cranial nerve
V1 - Ophthalamic
V2 - Maxillary
V3 - Mandibular
Damage to the amygdala can result in an array of symptoms and disorders. Which of the following are examples of these? (Select all that apply).
- Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Anterograde Amnesia
- Panic Disorder
- Guilliane Barre Syndrome
- Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Panic Disorder
- Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
A British Neurologist who famously severed their own radial nerve in an attempt to study PNS regeneration
Henry Head
Satellite cells are support cells within the peripheral nervous system which wrap around the neuronal cell bodies within ganglia.
True
False
True
Which brain region contains adult neurogenesis in humans?
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Substantia Nigra
Answer: Hippocampus
Dopamine, released from the Substantia Nigra in the midbraine, acts to __________ the inhibitory signals of the basal nuclei.
increase
decrease
decrease
There are a variety of differences between the myelinating cells in the CNS and the myelinating cells in the PNS. Please select all the correct statements below.
- Myelin Protein 0 (P0) is present in Oligodendrocytes, but negligible in Schwann cells.
- Oligodendrocytes can myelinate multiple neurons at a time, but Schwann cells can only myelinate one.
- The diameter of myelin produced by olgiodendrocytes (0.77) is thicker than that produced by Schwann cells (0.6)
- Proteolipid Protein (PLP) is present in Oligodendrodytes, but negligible in Schwann cells.
- Oligodendrocytes can myelinate multiple neurons at a time, but Schwann cells can only myelinate one.
- Proteolipid Protein (PLP) is present in Oligodendrodytes, but negligible in Schwann cells.
Select true statements regarding meningitis:
- Meningitis typically impacts people between the ages of 18-35
- Meningitis is caused primarily by bacterial infections
- Meningitis involves an infiltration of immune cells into the epidural space.
- In Canada, death from meningitis is rare, but not unheard of.
- Meningitis is caused primarily by bacterial infections
- In Canada, death from meningitis is rare, but not unheard of
Label the inductive signalling factors based on their spatial organization in the above diagram. (All answers are in abbreviated form. No spaces or periods.)
A - Bmp
B- Wnt
C- RA
D- Shh
