Quiz 1 Prep Classes 1-7 Flashcards
What does B.F. Skinner’s Behaviorism suggest about the human mind?
a) Humans have emotions b) Humans have minds c) Humans do not have minds d) Humans are driven by unconscious thoughts
d) Humans are driven by unconscious thoughts
What was a key idea of the Cognitive Revolution, as proposed by R. Sheppard?
a) Emotions affect behavior b) Humans have minds, and they affect behavior c) Humans are driven by instincts d) Emotions do not affect behavior
b) Humans have minds, and they affect behavior
According to R. Zajonc in the Emotional Revolution, what influences human thinking and behavior?
a) Logic and reasoning b) Bodily responses c) Emotions d) Social influences
c) Emotions
Which of the following was NOT a point made by Darwin about emotions?
a) Emotions are vestigial b) Emotions reflect animal signals c) Emotions are the primary cause of human decisions d) Emotions are tied to bodily states
c) Emotions are the primary cause of human decisions
In Darwin’s theory, what bodily action is associated with sadness?
a) Crying activates tear ducts b) Smiling activates facial muscles c) Frowning lowers eyebrows d) Yawning opens the mouth
a) Crying activates tear ducts
What does the James-Lange theory of emotions suggest happens first in an emotional experience?
a) Emotion occurs first, then bodily response b) Bodily response occurs first, then emotion c) Emotions are felt independently of bodily response d) Thinking about emotions triggers them
b) Bodily response occurs first, then emotion
According to the James-Lange theory, which of the following intensifies emotions?
a) Greater bodily arousal b) Lack of bodily movement c) Mental focus on the event d) Slower breathing
a) Greater bodily arousal
In Freud’s case of Katherina, what happened after she expressed her traumatic experience?
a) Her symptoms worsened b) She experienced a brief relief c) Her physical condition improved d) She developed new symptoms
c) Her physical condition improved
Which of the following was NOT part of Freud’s views on emotions?
a) Emotions can precede conscious awareness of facts b) Emotions have no influence on bodily states c) Emotions reveal unconscious thoughts d) Emotions are tied to the self
b) Emotions have no influence on bodily states
What did Freud believe could happen if emotions are repressed or unacknowledged?
a) The person becomes more logical b) Emotional conflicts can lead to psychological ailments c) Emotions lose their intensity over time d) The mind becomes stronger
b) Emotional conflicts can lead to psychological ailments
How did Darwin view the expression of emotions in humans?
a) As a form of advanced communication b) As a vestigial, useless trait c) As a reflection of animal signals d) As completely disconnected from the body
c) As a reflection of animal signals
In Freud’s view, how can expressing emotions verbally help individuals?
a) It diminishes emotional intensity b) It distracts from emotional pain c) It advances coping d) It has no significant impact
c) It advances coping
According to Darwin, how are emotions related to bodily states?
a) Emotions control the body's actions b) Emotions are separate from bodily states c) Bodily states influence emotional expression d) The body reacts only after the emotion is felt
c) Bodily states influence emotional expression
What does the James-Lange theory emphasize about emotions and human experience?
a) Emotions occur independently of bodily arousal b) Bodily arousal shapes the intensity of emotions c) Emotions are the primary drivers of behavior d) Emotions occur randomly
b) Bodily arousal shapes the intensity of emotions
Which concept was NOT part of Freud’s view on how emotions affect mental health?
a) Emotions can precede conscious awareness b) Emotional repression leads to psychological ailments c) Emotions are unrelated to unconscious thoughts d) Pulling emotions into language helps with coping
c) Emotions are unrelated to unconscious thoughts
Which of these is a principle of the Emotional Revolution proposed by R. Zajonc?
a) Thinking affects emotions b) Emotions affect thinking and behavior c) Behavior does not impact emotions d) Emotions are irrelevant in human decisions
b) Emotions affect thinking and behavior
According to Freud, what defense mechanism do humans use against disturbing emotions?
a) Ignoring them b) Consciously suppressing them c) Defending against emotionally disturbing facts d) Expressing them freely
c) Defending against emotionally disturbing facts
What was Darwin’s perspective on Victorian emotional suppression?
a) Emotions should be freely expressed b) Emotions are a sign of weakness c) Victorian society suppresses emotions d) Suppressing emotions has no effect
c) Victorian society suppresses emotions
What is a central idea in Freud’s theories about emotions?
a) Emotions are always conscious experiences b) Emotions are tied to bodily states and unconscious thoughts c) Emotions are driven solely by external events d) Emotions are irrelevant to self-perception
b) Emotions are tied to bodily states and unconscious thoughts
What role do emotions play in Freud’s theory of the self?
a) Emotions are disconnected from the self b) Emotions are tied to unconscious thoughts c) Emotions do not influence the self d) Emotions are unrelated to personal identity
b) Emotions are tied to unconscious thoughts
Which of the following finally opened the door to the scientific
study of mental states (and overcame Behaviorism)?
a) Mesmerism
b) Behaviorism
c) Roger Sheppard mental rotation studies
d) Freud’s psychosexual theory
c) Roger Sheppard mental rotation studies
Robert Zajonc used Chinese ideograms, such as this one,
in his “mere exposure” studies to show that:
a) Humans do not have minds
b) We can emotionally remember familiar things
c) Faces on Japanese crabs demonstrate natural selection
d) Facial expressions of emotions are vestigial
b) We can emotionally remember familiar things
According to Aristotle, how are emotions connected to human action?
a) Emotions are disconnected from action b) Emotions follow beliefs but do not affect them c) Emotions are tied to action and beliefs d) Emotions only affect thoughts
c) Emotions are tied to action and beliefs
What is the function of tragic theater in Aristotle’s view?
a) To entertain through drama b) To provoke emotional confusion c) To achieve Katharsis, clarity gained by emotional identification d) To create chaos in the mind
c) To achieve Katharsis, clarity gained by emotional identification
How did Descartes view the relationship between the mind and body?
a) Mind and body are closely connected b) The body is separate from the mind, a machine c) Emotions arise only from the body d) Emotions are independent of the soul
b) The body is separate from the mind, a machine
In Descartes’s view, where do emotions occur?
a) In the body b) In the environment c) In the soul d) In both the body and soul equally
c) In the soul
According to Descartes, what role do emotions play?
a) Emotions help us understand how events affect our thinking selves b) Emotions distort reality c) Emotions provide no useful information d) Emotions are separate from the mind
a) Emotions help us understand how events affect our thinking selves
In Spinoza’s philosophy, what is the nature of passive emotions?
a) They arise from a love of the world b) They come from rejecting the perfection of the universe c) They are entirely logical d) They lead to greater understanding
b) They come from rejecting the perfection of the universe
How did Spinoza believe emotions affect understanding?
a) Emotions improve understanding b) Emotions have no effect on understanding c) Emotions cloud understanding and must be understood to be overcome d) Emotions help us rationalize the world
c) Emotions cloud understanding and must be understood to be overcome
In Jefferson’s love letter, what do his “head” and “heart” represent?
a) His head represents emotions and his heart represents logic b) His head represents logic and his heart represents emotions c) Both represent logical thinking d) Both represent emotional thinking
b) His head represents logic and his heart represents emotions
How did Aristotle differ from Descartes in his view on the relationship between thinking and emotions?
a) Aristotle believed thinking influenced emotions, but Descartes believed emotions influenced thinking b) Both believed emotions were separate from thinking c) Aristotle believed emotions and thinking influence each other, while Descartes did not d) Descartes believed thinking and emotions influenced each other
c) Aristotle believed emotions and thinking influence each other, while Descartes did not
What emotion is associated with the soldier’s appraisal in the movie Dunkirk, according to Descartes?
a) Shame b) Anger c) Fear d) Sadness
a) Shame
Which philosopher believed emotions were harmful and needed to be understood to be overcome?
a) Aristotle b) Descartes c) Spinoza d) Jefferson
c) Spinoza
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic emotions?
a) Happiness b) Fear c) Jealousy d) Anger
c) Jealousy
According to Ekman’s Neurocultural Theory, what role does culture play in emotions?
a) Culture has no effect on emotions b) Culture only determines the facial expressions of emotions c) Culture affects what causes emotions, how they are expressed, and how we act on them d) Culture only influences emotions in certain regions of the world
c) Culture affects what causes emotions, how they are expressed, and how we act on them
What was a critique of Ekman’s “Literate Cultures” study?
a) Cultures have no shared literature b) All cultures react to emotions differently c) Modern cultures could influence each other’s emotional expressions d) Only primitive cultures have universal emotions
c) Modern cultures could influence each other’s emotional expressions
What did Ekman’s study with the South Fore people of New Guinea reveal?
a) The South Fore people could not identify emotions correctly b) The South Fore people performed as well as Americans in recognizing emotions c) The South Fore people had no understanding of emotions d) The South Fore people did not display emotions
b) The South Fore people performed as well as Americans in recognizing emotions
What evidence suggests that emotions are “born” and not “taught”?
a) Observations of the South Fore people b) Studies of literate cultures c) Infant studies, blind/deaf individuals, and primates d) Ekman’s neurocultural theory
c) Infant studies, blind/deaf individuals, and primates
What did Jane Goodall’s chimp observations reveal about aggression?
a) Aggression is unrelated to social hierarchy b) Aggression is linked to social hierarchies and serotonin levels c) Aggression is only observed in males d) Serotonin decreases aggression
b) Aggression is linked to social hierarchies and serotonin levels
What role does serotonin play in chimp behavior, according to Jane Goodall?
a) Serotonin promotes social withdrawal b) Serotonin promotes aggression, assertiveness, and social confidence c) Serotonin only affects females d) Serotonin reduces aggression
b) Serotonin promotes aggression, assertiveness, and social confidence
Which philosopher believed that emotions were tied to narrative (i.e., stories) and promoted “Katharsis”?
a) Aristotle b) Descartes c) Spinoza d) jefferson
a) Aristotle
Why did Paul Ekman conduct research with the South Fore people of New Guinea?
a) To study people who do not have basic emotions b) To conduct research south of the Equator c) To study a pre-literate culture d) To confirm Russel's circumplex model of emotions
c) To study a pre-literate culture
What evidence supports the universality of emotions?
a) Emotional expression is learned through language b) Emotional expression is not present in pre-literate cultures c) Emotional expression is evident among blind and deaf people d) Emotional expression is different across all cultures
c) Emotional expression is evident among blind and deaf people
What did Ekman and Heiders’ research on pre-literate cultures like the Dani of Indonesia show?
a) Emotions are completely learned through culture b) Emotions are universal across different cultures c) Emotions are different across literate and pre-literate cultures d) Pre-literate cultures do not express emotions
b) Emotions are universal across different cultures
What does emotional restrictiveness in the Middle Class during colonial times represent?
a) A lack of emotional understanding b) Greater freedom to express emotions c) Social and sexual inhibition d) Lack of social mobility
c) Social and sexual inhibition
During the Enlightenment, how were emotions typically viewed?
a) Emotions were associated with reason and rationality b) Emotions were linked to primitive animals and irrationality c) Emotions were considered a source of strength d) Emotions were viewed as essential for scientific progress
b) Emotions were linked to primitive animals and irrationality
Which of the following is a key theme of Romanticism regarding emotions?
a) Emotions should be suppressed for rationality b) Nature and emotions should be ignored c) Emotions should be in harmony with nature d) Rationality is more important than emotions
c) Emotions should be in harmony with nature
