Quiz 1 practice

Question 1

newborn screening

Answer 1

provide screening to all newborns for metabolic, endocrine, hematologic, and other disorders, state-run program and most successful program of public health genetics

Question 2

why is newborn screening a state power?

Answer 2

the 10th amendment includes “police powers” of health, education, and welfare

Question 3

impact of newborn screening state run

Answer 3

states can test for different conditions, have different fees and payment methods

Question 4

start of newborn screening

Answer 4

1960’s - Robert Guthrie considered father of newborn screening and created test for PKU, developed system for transporting newborn samples on filter paper

Question 5

first state law of newborn screening

Answer 5

1960s- Massachusetts was first state to require newborn screening

Question 6

last state establishes NBS program

Answer 6

1985

Question 7

RUSP developed with 29 conditions

Answer 7

2000s

Question 8

what year was newborn screening saves lives act

Answer 8

2008

Question 9

Wilson Junger criteria for newborn screening

Answer 9

treatable illness- recognizable/case definitions
detectable in newborn period
pre-symptomatic initiation of treatment
available resources for diagnosis/treatment/follow up
evidence of substantial public acceptance and benefit
suitable and simple test methods
acceptable costs

Question 10

components of newborn screening

Answer 10

management: treatment long-term follow up specimen storage
screening: sample collection sample submission laboratory testing
diagnosis: subspecialist assessment results shared with family counseling if necessary
follow up: obtain test results and get results to family repeat tests if needed
evaluation: quality assurance outcome evaluation, cost effectiveness

Question 11

heel stick test

Answer 11

newborn screening sample taken via heel stick
- completed by trained provider
- typically collected 24-48 hours after birth
- all circles on filter paper card should be filled
- samples sent to lab and arrive within 24hrs of collection

Question 12

components of newborn screening

Answer 12

heel stick test, pulse oximetry (congenital heart conditions) , hearing test

Question 13

how are newborn screening results reported?

Answer 13

each state has its own protocol, all NBS tests should be completed within 7 days of life, a follow up is required if diagnostic testing is needed

Question 14

ACHDNC

Answer 14

advisory committee on heritable disorders in newborns and children
- evaluates and seeks approval for conditions to be added to RUSP

Question 15

RUSP

Answer 15

the recommended uniform screening panel
- includes 38 core and 26 secondary conditions

Question 16

cost of newborn screening

Answer 16

free to $200+

• can be paid for by insurance or hospital
• affordable care act requires most health plans to cover newborn screening for conditions in RUSP

Question 17

global newborn screening

Answer 17

many countries do not have NBS programs
- 11/12 southern Europe countries had programs with 18 being the highest rate of conditions tested

Question 18

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 18

1/13,000 rate in US
- MS/MS used for identifying PAH deficiency
- without treatment: epilepsy, intellectual disability, Parkinsons like features,
with treatment: low protein diet, Phe-free medical formula, medications for life

Question 19

public health

Answer 19

science of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities

Question 20

three public health core functions

Answer 20

assessment, policy development, assurance

Question 21

assessment

Answer 21

assess and monitor population health, investigate, diagnosis and address health hazards

Question 22

policy development

Answer 22

inform and educate, mobilize communities and partnerships, implement projects and laws, utilize legal actions

Question 23

assurance

Answer 23

equitable access, skilled workforce, research and quality development, strong organizational infrastructure

Question 24

public health genetics

Answer 24

applies genetic and genomic information to improve public health and prevent disease

Question 25

eugenics

Answer 25

scientifically erroneous and immoral theory of “racial improvement” and planned breeding popular in early 20th century

Question 26

eugenics meaning

Answer 26

“well born” coined by francis galton in 1883 promotes human “survival of the fittest” along with darwin

Question 27

start of eugenics

Answer 27

1860s in london by Galton influences by darwin theory of natural selection
- galton suggested that traits like intellegence, criminal behavior poverty were 100% genetic

Question 28

goal of eugenics

Answer 28

improve the natural physical mental and temperamental qualities of the human family

Question 29

eugenics in US

Answer 29

began in 1900s
- started with promotion of reproduction of people with “positive” traits

Question 30

“defectives” in eugenics

Answer 30

• mentally ill, race, gender, unwed mothers, sexuality, criminality

Question 31

“better humans” in eugenics

Answer 31

healthy, high IQ, educated, scientists and politicians, men, special talents, religious

Question 32

positive eugenics

Answer 32

states promoted “filter family” contests to judge family attractiveness

Question 33

buck v. bell 1927

Answer 33

carrie buck got pregnant at 17 unknown father, committed to center for feeblemindedness because of pregnancy, supreme court decided that state has a right to force a person to be sterilized without consent

Question 34

eugenics beyond US

Answer 34

eugenics themes from US like forced sterilization, immigration moved to nazi germany

Question 35

Nuremberg code

Answer 35

1947
Nuremberg world war 2 crime trials following holocaust
- first international code of ethics for human subject research (informed and voluntary consent)

Question 36

declaration of Helsinki

Answer 36

1964
commitment to consent
- address and communicate risks, research ethics, informed consent

Question 37

belmont report

Answer 37

1978
protection of human subjects in biomedical science research
- boundaries between practice and research
- basic ethical principles
- applications

Question 38

declaration of Taipei biobanks and databases

Answer 38

2016
the collection, storage, and use of identifiable data and biological material

Question 39

public health code of ethics

Answer 39

2002
- what we as a society do to promote conditions in which people can be healthy

Question 40

public health core values

Answer 40

professionalism and trust
health and safety
health justice and equity
interdependence and solidarity
human rights
inclusivity

Question 41

4 biomedical principles

Answer 41

respect for autonomy
beneficence
justice
nonmaleficence