Quiz 1 - Part 1 Flashcards
Raw Facts, Building blocks of information
Data
_________ is the generation, storage, and retrieval of data
Data Management
Not yet been processed to reveal the meaning
Raw Data
Produced by processing data, and reveals the meaning of data.
Information
Enables knowledge creation, and should be accurate, relevant, and timely to enable good decision making
Information
T or F - Information is always subjective
True
________is in one person’s context is just a data point in another person’s context.
Information
Data Characteristics of Good Information
Accurate, timely, relevant, just sufficient, worth its cost
Knowledge derived from data
Information
Recorded facts or figures
Data
Shared, integrated computer structure that stores a collection of end-user data and metadata
Database
Raw facts of interest to end user
End-user data
Data about data, which the end-user data are integrated and managed
Metadata
Describe data characteristics and relationships
Metadata
Collection of programs, manages the database structure.
Database management system
Controls access to data stored in the database
Database management system
Intermediary between the user and the database and enables data to be shared
Database management system
Presents the end user with an integrated view of the data.
Database management system
Receives and translates application requests into operations required to fulfill the requests
Database management system
Hides database’s internal complexity from the application programs and users
Database management system
Different versions of the same data appear in different places
Data Inconsistency
Better data integration and less data inconsistency
Advantage of DBMS
Increased end-user productivity
Advantage of DBMS
Promoting accuracy, validity, and timeliness of data
Data Quality
Improves data sharing, security, access, and decision making
Database management system
Supports one user at a time
Single-user database
Supports multiple users at the same time
Multiuser database
Supports a small number of users or a specific department
Workgroup database
Support many users across many departments.
Enterprise database
Support one or more workgroup processes. 10-100 users.
Workgroup database
Procedures often formalized. problem solution within group.
Workgroup database
Can duplicate data, somewhat difficult to change.
Workgroup database
Support one or more enterprise processes. 100-1000s users.
Enterprise database
Procedures formalized, problem solutions affect enterprise.
Enterprise database
Eliminate workgroup data duplication, difficult to change
Enterprise database
Support one or more inter-enterprise processes. 1000s users.
Inter-enterprise database
system procedures formalized. problem solutions affect multiple organizations.
Inter-enterprise database
Can resolve problems of duplicated enterprise data. very difficult to change
Inter-enterprise database
_____database is when data is located at a single site
Centralized databased
_____ database is when data is distributed across different sites
Distributed database
Created and maintained using cloud data services that provide defined performance measures for the database
Cloud database
Contains a wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines
General-purpose database
Contains data focused on specific subject areas
Discipline-specific databases
Designed to support a company’s day-to-day operations
operational database
Stores historical data and business metrics used exclusively for tactical or strategic decision making
Analytical database
Stores data in a format optimized for decision support
Data warehouse
Enable retrieving, processing, and modeling data from the data warehouse
Online analytical processing
Captures and processes business data to generate information that support decision making
Business intelligence
data that exists in their original state
Unstructured data
It results from formatting unstructured data to facilitate storage, use, and the generation of information.
Structured data
Processes data to some extent.
semi-structured data
A special language used to represent and manipulate data elements in textual format
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Focuses on the design of the database structure that will be used to store and manage end-user data
Database Design
_____ database facilitates data management
Well-designed database
________ database generates accurate and valuable information
Well-designed database
______ database avoids redundant data
Well-designed database
Causes difficult-to-trace errors, leads to bad decisions, can lead to failure of organization
Poorly designed database
Raw facts. Have little meaning unless they have been organized in some logical manner.
Data
A character or group pf characters that has a specific meaning. Used to define and store data.
Field
A logically connected set of one or more fields.
Record
A collection of related records.
File
Lengthy development times, and difficult of getting quick answers
Problems with File System Data Processing
Complex system administration
Problems with File System Data Processing
Lack of security and limited data sharing. Extensive programming.
Problems with File System Data Processing
Access to a file is dependent on its own structure
Structural dependence
All file system programs are modified to conform to a new file structure
Structural dependence
File structure is changed without affecting the application’s ability to access the data
Structural independence.
Data access changes when data storage characteristics change
Data Dependence
Data storage characteristics is changed without affecting the program’s ability to access the data
Data independence
Unnecessarily storing same data at different places
Data redundancy
Scattered data locations
Islands of information
Increases the probability of having different versions of the same data
Data redundancy
Implication - Poor data security and data inconsistency
Data Redundancy Implications
Implication: Increased likelihood of data-entry errors when complex entries are made in different files
Data Redundancy Implications
Develops when not all of the required changes in the redundant data are made successfully
Data anomaly
Types of Data Anomay
Update anomalies, insertion anomalies, deletion anomalies
Stores definitions of the data elements and their relationship
Data dictionary
Ensures efficient performance of the database in terms of storage and access speed
Performance tuning
Sophisticated algorithms ensure that multiple users can access the database concurrently without compromising its integrity
Multiuser access control
Minimizes redundancy and maximizes consistency
Data integrity management
Lets the user specify what must be done without having to specify how
query language
A query language and data access standard supported by the majority of DBMS vendors
Structured Query Language (SQL)
Increased costs, management complexity
Disadvantage of Database System
Maintaining currency, vendor dependence
Disadvantage of Database System
Frequent upgrade / replacement cycles.
Disadvantage of Database System
To implement and manage a database, use a ____
DBMS
