Quiz 1: Modules 1-3

Question 1

WHO definition of health

Answer 1

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being… not just the absence of disease

Question 2

How does the WHO define health as a human right?

Answer 2

the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental human rights of every human being without discrimination

Question 3

What percentage of health is determined by access to quality health care

Answer 3

10-20%

Question 4

what percentage of health is determined by genetic and biological determinants

Answer 4

30%

Question 5

What percentage of health is determined by social circumstances

Answer 5

50-60%

Question 6

What are the public and global consequences of good personal health?

Answer 6

Peace, security, social health and wellbeing

Question 7

What are the public and global consequences of poor personal health?

Answer 7

political, social and economic consequences

Question 8

How can privilege affect health?

Answer 8

Not everyone has the same access and opportunities that are essential to health

Question 9

health determinants from the perspective of knowledge

Answer 9

seeks to understand health

Question 10

health determinants from the perspective of access

Answer 10

universal access is essential to health

Question 11

health determinants from the perspective of culture

Answer 11

understanding/respecting other cultures can be a valuable foundation for personal, public, and global health

Question 12

Seeing health as a fundamental human right involves:

Answer 12

protection against personal violence, reducing barriers or threats to other human rights, and promoting health development

Question 13

At altitude, what essential variable is disturbed?

Answer 13

oxygen levels

Question 14

What are the acute and chronic altitude illnesses that are consequences of the failure to maintain oxygen homeostasis?

Answer 14

acute mountain sickness, high altitude cerebral edema, high altitude pulmonary edema, chronic mountain sickness

Question 15

Pathophysiology

Answer 15

the disordered physiological processes associated with disease or injury

Question 16

epidemiology

Answer 16

the study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why

Question 17

etiology

Answer 17

link between precipitating causes and predisposing factors and disease prevalence

Question 18

Inflammation

Answer 18

mobilizes, organizes, and coordinates immune response, repair, and remodeling from injuries or infections (intended to be immediate/short)

Question 19

immune system

Answer 19

defends against invading pathogens; must be able to differentiate between self and nonself

Question 20

mobilize stage

Answer 20

activate immune and repair systems

Question 21

organize stage

Answer 21

isolate and prepare injured area for repair

Question 22

remodeling

Answer 22

depending on tissue and extent of damage

Question 23

Protective barriers in immune system

Answer 23

skin, mucous, cilia, pH

Question 24

innate immunity

Answer 24

phagocytes and macrophages

Question 25

acquired-adaptive immunity

Answer 25

antibodies formed from infection or vaccination

Question 26

lifestyle diseases

Answer 26

diseases that are not precipitated by a pathogen (heart disease, cancers, diabetes)

Question 27

metaflammation

Answer 27

created by chronic stress, creates a lot of problems since inflammation is meant to be very temporary

Question 28

When is immunosuppression normal?

Answer 28

pregnancy, preventing rejection of transplanted tissues/organs

Question 29

When is immunosuppression not normal?

Answer 29

HIV AIDS, allergies, autoimmune disorders, T1D

Question 30

Primary prevention

Answer 30

health promotion (most cost effective)

Question 31

Secondary prevention

Answer 31

reduces developing disease risk and progression

Question 32

Tertiary Prevention

Answer 32

restores health and minimizes disease morbidity