QUIZ 1: MIDTERMS

Question 1

focuses more on the consequences of the actions.
- does not focus on the actions itself

Answer 1

Teleology

Question 2

• “Kantian Ethics” - whole act itself
  - focus on the act itself
  - expected to do it
  - right thing to do
  - things that we try to justify because we believe that is the right thing to do

Answer 2

Deontology

Question 3

“If it did not passed the 2 maxims, then the action is not good”
Hypothetical Imperative - assume that everything goes as planned.
Categorical Imperative - Ist stage: “universality” try to assess if everyone will do the action what will be the result. Not everyone has the same condition with the hypothetical. 2nd stage: “human dignity”

Answer 3

Maxim - 2 Imperatives

Question 4

greater good
- if it does benefit the many, it is good.
- win should always be greater than loss

Answer 4

Utilitarianism

Question 5

• choose to do the action because it leads to the desired outcome.
  - action is good as it leads to the desired result

Answer 5

Pragmatism

Question 6

is the theory that holds that morality is relative to the norms of one’s culture

Answer 6

Ethical Relativism

Question 7

• (in Kantian moral philosophy) the capacity of an agent to act in accordance with objective morality rather than under the influence of desires.
• rights
• “informed consent”
• capability to make decision
• elements
• disclose the information to the client
• competency
• documentation

Answer 7

Autonomy

Question 8

• “truth telling”
• “I-thou” relationship

Answer 8

Veracity

Question 9

• the state of keeping or being kept secret or private.”
  
  • the lead bank’s duty of confidentiality to the borrower”
  • do not share information
  • Not absolute

Answer 9

Confidentiality

Question 10

Breach of Confidentiality

Answer 10

Threat of Harm
Legal Requirement/court order
Patient Consent
Member of the healthcare team

Question 11

Considers the patient as a person with a problem
The patient is a person with feelings of and despair, with purpose and defeat. As such, one has the right to know the nature of one’s disease
The physician is morally obligated to respect that right
The health care provider owes the patient the truth, just as the latter owes the health care provider skill and technical powers
Caring a person is a moral relationship in which the health care provider’s attitude should be the utmost concern for the patient

Answer 11

Person-centered Approach

Question 12

Stresses the nature of the problem or the degree and severity of the patient’s illness
Considers the patient’s problem, illness or condition
The physician may withhold the truth from the patient IF ONLY for the best interest of the patient’s failing or worsening condition
This approach is usually appealed to by those who endorse the legitimacy of the use of placebos (Latin placebo: I shall please) in medical therapy– patients who are seriously ill will oftentimes show improvement when they are given placebos for treatment

Answer 12

Problem-centered Approach

Question 13

Describes a person’s relationship with things, objects or “its”. man – object or subject-object relationship

Examples: my relationships with my books, cars, shoes, clothes and other possessions. Can be manipulated and used for one’s one
purpose or ends

Answer 13

“I – It” Relationship

Question 14

Relationship with other persons – ourselves and other people.
Subject - subject or person-person relationships
As a subject, the “thou” is someone with dignity and moral quality
Hence, the “thou” cannot be manipulated, used or owned

Answer 14

“I – Thou” Relationship

Question 15

Refers to the medical or professional secrecy in which certain information is committed to a physician or health care provider in an official capacity for the sake of medical assistance

Answer 15

CONFIDENTIALITY

Question 16

According to Kantian ethics, ____ is based on the human capacity to direct one’s life according to rational principles.

Answer 16

autonomy

Question 17

The word autonomy comes from the Greek ‘auto-nomos’ meaning

Answer 17

‘self-rule’ or ‘self-determination’.

Question 18

The principle of AUTONOMY is the basis for the practice of “___” in the transaction regarding health care.

Answer 18

informed consent

Question 19

is based on the moral and legal premise of patient autonomy
is the process in which a health care provider educates a patient about the risks, benefits, and alternatives of a given procedure or intervention.

Answer 19

INFORMED CONSENT

Question 20

___: to safeguard against tension of integrity

Answer 20

Protective

Question 21

___: to be involved in the health care decision making

Answer 21

Participative

Question 22

You must have the capacity (or ability) to make the decision.
The medical provider must disclose information on the treatment, test, or procedure in question, including the expected benefits and risks, and the likelihood (or probability) that the benefits and risks will occur.

Answer 22

Informed Consent

Question 23

Informed Consent must include:

Answer 23

Decision-Making Capacity
Disclosure
Documentation of Consent
Competency

Question 24

Decision making capacity ≠

Answer 24

good decision

Question 25

There is ____ or full information of the matter - health care provider must give (or ___) to you all relevant information so that you can make an informed decision

Answer 25

disclosure, disclose

Question 26

consent form should be signed and dated both by the healthcare provider and patient

Answer 26

Documentation of Consent

Question 27

___ is a legal term used to indicate that a person has the ability to make and be held accountable for their decisions.

Answer 27

Competency

Question 28

positive pole of nonmaleficence It means to do good , to provide a benefit hinges on the other duties such as fair play, keeping promises, role commitments ,reciprocity

Answer 28

Beneficence

Question 29

evil or harm should not be inflicted either on oneself or on others fundamental moral principle binds and urges everyone to avoid inflicting harm as a moral obligation It mandates the right not to be killed, right not to have bodily injury, or pain inflicted on oneself, and right not to have one’s confidence revealed to others

Answer 29

Nonmaleficence

Question 30

The Principle requires that social benefits, like healthcare services, and social burdens, like payment of taxes, be distributed in accordance with the demands of ___.

Answer 30

justice

Question 31

___ is an excellent trait of character - are attitudes, dispositions, or character traits that enable us to be and to act in ways that develop this potential. - Possessing a ___ is a matter of degree

Answer 31

Virtue

Question 32

is the ability of oneself to identify in the situation of others. is a trait of active regard for others welfare with imaginative awareness and emotional response of deep sympathy, tenderness, and discomfort at another person’s suffering. In nursing, compassion is so important that many times the patient’s need for compassion and caring presence outweighs the need of technical care.

Answer 32

Compassion

Question 33

rests on sensitive insight involving acute judgment and understanding, and eventuates in decisive actions. Gives us insight into appropriate actions in a given situation, requires sensitivity and attention attuned to a particular context. a discerning nurse will recognize when a patient needs comfort and reassurance rather than privacy

Answer 33

Discernment

Question 34

is confident belief in and reliance upon the ability and moral character of another person. It entails a confidence that another will act with right motives in accord with moral norms. It is measured by recognition of nurse’s consistency and predictability in following morals. norms

Answer 34

Trustworthiness

Question 35

means soundness, reliability, wholeness and integration of moral character. A person with integrity has consistency of convictions, actions, and emotions and is trustworthy. Integrity is compromised when a nurse acts inconsistently or in a way not supported by moral beliefs.

Answer 35

Integrity

Question 36

To treat situations of human activity within which one is forced to deal with the occurrence of both good and evil as results of a moral decision and subsequent action.

Answer 36

PRINCIPLE OF DOUBLE EFFECT

Question 37

An action that is good in itself that has two effects:

Answer 37

an intended and otherwise not reasonably attainable good effect, an unintended yet foreseen evil effect

Question 38

WHEN YOU SHARE THE OTHER PERSON'S EVIL INTENT COULD INVOLVE APPROVING OR TAKING PART IN IT 'IT'S NEVER MORALLY PERMISSIBLE, ACCORDING TO CHURCH (YOUR INTENT/OBJECT IS BAD)

Answer 38

FORMAL COOPERATION

Question 39

YOU DO NOT SHARE THE OTHER PERSON'S EVIL INTENT, BUT YOU STILL COOPERATE.

Answer 39

MATERIAL COOPERATION

Question 40

- WHEN YOU PARTICIPATE IN A WAY THAT'S ESSENTIAL TO THE COMMISSION (COMPLETION) OF THE EVIL ACT NEVER MORALLY PERMISSIBLE (YOU AND THE OTHER PERSON SHARE THE SAME OBJECT)

Answer 40

IMMEDIATE MATERIAL COOPERATION

Question 41

WHEN YOU PARTICIPATE IN A WAY THAT'S NOT ESSENTIAL TO THE COMMISSION (COMPLETION) OF THE EVIL ACT.

Answer 41

MEDIATE MATERIAL COOPERATION

Question 42

Refers to the expression of one's responsibility to take care of, nurture and cultivate what has been entrusted to him. Stewardship consists in the practical recognition that man is not the absolute master of himself or his possessions. He has received every gift and grace from God. He must use them in a responsible manner to promote the interest of God and to establish His kingdom in the heart of men. (Hugh J. O'Connell)

Answer 42

PRINCIPLE OF STEWARDSHIP