Quiz 1. Measurement Principles Flashcards
Devices that can be used to make measurements of _________ and record or transmit physiological data given in quantitative (or sometimes qualitative) results
biological systems
give an example of a physical way for measurement
(Defined or calculated)
Fluid Levels, working temperatures, heat loss, power, work.
give an example of a biological way for measurement
{Less defined, Stochastic, Bias}
Stimuli and response, physiological (temperature, heat loss..), biochemical reactions, nutrition..
give an example of a biomedical way for measurement
Heart Rate, Muscle Strength, Blood Pressure & Oxygen, Lung Volume, Motion, Imaging
give an example of a enviornmental way for measurement
Temperature, relative humidity, air quality and composition, soil water potential.
what are some areas of bioengineering that use bioinstruments
- bioelectronics-EMG, EKG
- biomechanics
- bioOptics and biomarkers
what does a transducer do?
converts a signal from one form of energy to another
what does a sensor do?
detects a parameter in one form and reports it in another form of energy in as a predictable value, often an electrical signal
Name 4 things a sensor can detect changes in
- voltage or current
- changes in resistance
- changes in capacitance
- changes in inductance
give general definitions for the following:
measurand: sensor: transducer: signal conditioning: analysis display auxiliary:
• Measurand:
Physical quantity measured by the instrument
• Sensor:
A device that converts measurand to electrical signal
• Transducer:
A device that converts one form of energy to another
• Signal Conditioning:
Amplification, filtering, etc
• Analysis and Display:
Digitizing, analysis of electric signals. Output Result
• Auxiliary:
Calibration
2 types of sensor mechanics
direct=measured value is proportional to an electrical signal
indirect=derive the final measurement by solving the mathematical governing equations for the system and sensor
2 types of signal conversion
single, mutliple
3 types of signal measurement
-static, dynamic, pulse
define static signals
change very little with time. can be approximated as a zero order system
define dynamic signals
result in a significant change with time
first order- thermal systems
second order- mechanical systems
resolution
the smallest incremental quantity that can be measured with certainty
reproducibility
the ability of an instrument to give the same output for equal inputs applied over some period of time
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