Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Evidence Based Practice > Quiz 1 Material > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Material Flashcards

1
Q

three component of EBM

A
  1. patients values and expectations
  2. individual clinical expertise
  3. best available clinical evidence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

relationship between clinical expertise and quality of healthcare

A

the quality of healthcare goes down when using just clinical expertise over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Two fundamental principles of EBO

A
  1. Hierarchy of evidence

2. Evidence is never enough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does hierarchy of evidence mean?

A

it means that the most bias control comes from experimental designs, where as the least bias control can come from a case report.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does “evidence is never enough” mean?

A

sometimes things in the literature can’t work because patients have values, or clinical expertise disagrees or the risks outweigh the benefits. Additionally may not have the circumstances, like setting and cost to perform what was in the literature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hierarchy of Evidence from most confident (top) to least

A 
MOST CONFIDENT: SR of RTCs or N of 1
RTC
SR of cohort study
cohort studies
SR case-control
case-control
case study/series
clinical expertise or expert opinion (LEAST)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CEBM

A

center for evidence based medicine, and a good resource

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does absence of evidence is not evidence of absence mean?

A

just because there aren’t many studies on a particular treatment does not mean that the treatment isn’t good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Background vs foreground questions

A

Background questions are like the medical aspects of the situation (like what is the most common ligament injured in the knee). Foreground questions are the PICO (help to make a treatment decision)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the most important secants of a study to read would be the….

A

methods and results (only good sections can be used)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Seven requirements of ethical research

A
  1. Social or scientific value
  2. Scientific validity
  3. Fair subject selection
  4. Favorable risk/benefit ratio
  5. independent Review
  6. Informed Consent
  7. Respect for potential and enrolled subjects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ethical research

A

to improve life and well being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Primary ethical dilemma in research

A

the goal of research is to improve health of future patients, but the goal of clinical care is to help current patients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is an EBM a-hole? what do you need to think about?

A

Sees new research and holds onto it because they think it is gospel. You really need to think about how EBM will affect a patient and how the evidence will affect everyone else.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Components of a PICO question

A

P: the questions about a person or a population (elderly people)
I: the intervention or treatment you have in mind
C: a comparative treatment
O: the outcome of the treatment

EX: the use of ice on a pulled hamstring vs heat in a geriatric population to decrease pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Boolean operators

A

NOT (everything without what is listed after this word)
OR (gets you everything with those words in it)
AND (articles with both words)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Independent variable

A

Usually the treatment, listed right in the methods section. what you manipulate or specify, then can be made into levels. Must have two levels. If the IV is treatment, then the levels are the multiple kinds of treatment (like the experimental and the control).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dependent Variables

A

what you measure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Active vs attribute of the IV

A

active is when something is set, and manipulated. Attribute is something that cannot change or be manipulated like age of the participants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Repeated vs. Independent factors

A

the repeated factor is something that the same group of people test. Like is there is an exp. and a control group, but all participants are tested. The independent factor is if there are two groups to test the two variables.

21
Q

Levels of measurement

A

LOWEST: 1. nominal (no values, two values. like boy or girl, or race)

  1. ordinal (ranked, but not with numbers, rather on an arbitrary scale (like MMT, or hottness)
  2. Interval variables: ranked in EQUAL intervals, but no true zero (shoe size or years)
  3. ratio variable: interval scale with a true zero (height weight age) and can do ratios
22
Q

How can time be an active IV

A

because you can choose when to start counting

23
Q

Taking the primary and secondary IV, you can make ____.

A

factorial designs

24
Q

IV’s level of measurement is usually…

A

ordinal or nominal

25
Q

Dependent variable

A

what you are measuring

26
Q

construct

A

the DV that is not-observable and needs to be defined.

27
Q

Operational definition

A

how you will measure the DV, like for a muscle strength test, doing iso torque measures.

28
Q

Univariate vs multivariate

A

depending on the number of DV, if there is one DV it is univariate, if there are two or more it is multi-variate.

29
Q

Single factor, vs multifactorial design

A

this is based on the number of IV’s. single is one IV and multi is two or more IVs

30
Q

ratio or interval data is ____ data whereas nominal and ordinal are ____ data.

A

continuous, categorical

31
Q

When measuring strength, what will be the level of measurement and why

A

ration beaus there is an interval scale with a true zero.

32
Q

Test-retest reliability

A

seeing if the tool or instrument is consistent

33
Q

inter-rater reliability

A

seeing if two or more people can be consistent with the measurements

34
Q

intra-rater

A

seeing if there are reliable scores between the one rater who is doing each trial

35
Q

Internal consistency

A

seeing if the questions of a survey are correlated to one another

36
Q

splits half reliability

A

take the questions and split them and see if it is still reliable based on correlation

37
Q

alternate forms

A

to see if shorter forms of the questionnaires are comparable or making sure the paper based and computer based tests correlate

38
Q

For continuous data (like strength) what statistic should you use

A

ICC

39
Q

What does the ICC measure

A

how good or reliable the data is. more that .9 is the best, but more than .7 is good.

40
Q

what does SEM mean?

A

the error of measurement, so like there are values above and below (+/-) the values that can be considered acceptable.

41
Q

MCD

A

the smallest about of change that can be measured, the smaller the number the more reliable the data. this has statistical meaning.

42
Q

MCID

A

a minimally important change, the smallest difference that a participant would notice a change. This has clinical meaning

43
Q

Validity

A

if the instrument measures what it was intended to measure

44
Q

Face validity

A

are we measuring exactly what it is we want to be measuring

45
Q

Content Validity

A

questionnaires that ask the right questions

46
Q

Criterion Validity

A

comparison of two different tests that are for the same thing

47
Q

two types of criterion validity

A
  1. concurrent validity: comparing two tests, like one with t a gold standard.
  2. predictive validity: strength for the prediction or the future
48
Q

Construct validity, and how can we test

A

an abstract construct (can’t be measured) like disability.
can test by looking at other known groups (like nursing homes), CONVERGENT (similar groups with similar outcomes) or DIVERGENT (different groups with no correlation)

49
Q

reliability vs variability

A

reliability is the reproducibility and variability is the accuracy of the tests.

Evidence Based Practice (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions