Quiz 1 (lessons 1-2) Flashcards by bailey myers

what is phytotherapy?

the practice of using medicines derived from plants or herbs to treat or prevent health conditions

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what are key features of asian medicine?

-yin and yang: balance
-if balance is upset, disease occurs

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herbal medicine, acupuncture, and acupressure are examples of what type of medicine?

asian medicine

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what are key features of Native American medicine?

the medicine wheel: Circular symbol broken into 4 quadrants based on different attributes

-all aspects of the wheel need to be in place to be healthy

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what are key features of ancient Egyptian medicine?

-practitioners called doctors or physicians
–embalming, personal hygiene
–medicine was mingled with religion
–treatments included amulets, magic, herbs, diet

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what are the key features of ancient greek medicine?

-believed diseases were caused by angry Gods
–focused on: diet, drugs, and surgery
–holistic approach to patient

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who is aesculipus (or asclepiios)?

–Greek God of medicine
–temples dedicated to him were considered “healthy places” (became the first hospitals)

–famous rod became the symbol of medicine

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who is Hippocrates?

–believed disease had natural causes
–treated the body as a whole
–developed an oath of Medical ethics
–first to realize that thoughts/feelings came from the brain not the heart

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who developed the oath of medical ethics?

hippocrates

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who’s rod has become the symbol of medicine?

aesculipus (or asclepiios)?

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who is a Galen?

-court physician
–made many influential texts
–made detailed notes on human anatomy based off of experience

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who is Moses Maimonides?

–famous physician
– advocated a very broad education for doctors

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who is Leonardo da Vinci?

– renaissance man

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who created the vutruvian man

Leonardo da vinci

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who created famous medical art of human anatomy?

Frank h netter

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the caduceus and the rod of asclepius both are symbols of ——?

symbols of medicine

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what group still uses the caduceus? (unable to paste image)

US army and navy

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who is Ignaz Semmelweis?

–father of modern antiseptic theory
– made a connection between plague of child bed fever and medical students trips between morgue and maternity ward
–was branded a heritic

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who is the father of modern antiseptic theory?

Ignaz Semmelweis

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what is the importance of Abraham flexner?

created the Flexner report which recorded American medical education and strengthened university affiliated institutions

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What are the PA precursors?

feldsher (Estonia)
barefoot doctors (china)
officers de Santa (France)
loblolly boys (United Kingdom)

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what are key features of the flexner report?

-reduce the number of medical schools
–prerequisites to enter medical school
–train physicians to practice in a scientific manner
- Give medical schools control of clinical instruction in hospitals
– Strengthen state regulation of medical licensure

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consequences of flexner report?

established residences, standardized medical school entrance requirements,

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what PA precursor is most like modern PAs?

Feldhser’s

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why were they called barefoot doctors?

farmers in the south were often barefoot working in the paddy field.

what PA precursor is still in practice today?

Feldsher's

which PA precursor was modeled after the British royal navy's assistants to their physicians?

Loblolly boys

Who is considered the father of the PA profession?

Dr. Eugene Stead

What is national PA day celebrated on? its significance?

October 6th. Dr. Eugene stead's birthday

what year did the first Duke PA class matriculate?

1965

what university had the first PA class?

Duke

how many students were in the original Duke PA class?

when did the first PA class graduate?

1967

what is the People vs Whittaker case in California? its significance?

State of CA charged Roger Whittaker and neurosurgeon George Stevenson with “engaging in the unlicensed practice of medicine” Legislation to enable PAs begins

what is the significance of Henry silver? where was the program established?

Established the Child Health Associate Program at The University of Colorado Emphasis on pediatrics The university of Colorado

who is John Kirkland? where was the program established?

he established the first Surgeons’ Assistants program at UAB university of Alabama in Birmingham

what year did the AMA endorse the PA concept?

1970

what was the final state to pass lechisation enabling PA's to practice?

Mississippi

what year did Mississippi sign legislation allowing PA's tp practice?

April 2000

what are the 4 organizations of the PA profession?

PAEA, Arc PA, NCCPA, AAPA

what organization is responsible for PANCE/PANRE?

NCCPA

what does PAEA stand for? what's its role?

PA education association. promotes quality education to PA students creates the end of rotation exams and end of curriculum exams,

what does AAPA stand for?

American academy of physician associates (as of 2021)

how often do PA's have to take the PANRE

every 10 years

what is the role of Arc-PA?

Develops educational and operational standards for physician assistant program in the U.S.

who is William Stanhope? what PA program did he establish?

First president of the AAPA University of Oklahoma

what are the military PA requirements?

-bachelors degree and completion of an accredited PA program -- certification by the NCCPA --eligibility for board certification --between ages of 21 - 42 years old --students graduating within 6 months may apply for active duty service

where can military PA practice?

US Army Medical Centers, Hospitals, Clinical and Field Medical Units, Austere Environments, and Command Positions

where can PA's be employed in the military?

educators, consultants, researchers, administrators, contractors, supervisors, managers, logisticians, and so on…

what are limitations for military PA's?

- must work under a practicing physician's license -cant treat children under the age of 2 without specialized training -cant treat pregnant activity duty soldiers unless its an emergency --have specific formulary from which they can prescribe medications --scope of practice limited to the permission granted by their supervising physician or federal regulations

what are the names of the 3 students of Duke's first PA class?

Victor H. Germino, Kenneth F. Ferrell and Richard J. Scheele

what was the first state to pass legalization enabling PA's to practice?

1970 -- California

which PA precursor required 3 years of medical school and an apprenticeship under a physician?

Officers de Sante

which PA precursor was modeled after the British Royal Navy’s assistants to their physicians

Loblolly boys

which PA precursor required at a county or community hospital for 3—6mo before practicing?

Barefoot doctors

who developed the procedure used to treat Baby blue syndrome (cyanotic heart disease)?

Vivien Theodore Thomas

what year did Look magazine pass the article highlighting the PA profession

1966

which governor signed into law the first legislation allowing PA's to practice to California?

Ronald Reagan

what are military PA duties?

Delivers primary and specialty medical care with physician supervision Performs comprehensive exams and prescribes medications Counsels patients and obtains medical histories Interprets lab tests and x-ray results Supervises combat medics and performs as a medical section/platoon leader Advises on medically-related matters pertinent to unit readiness for missions (Medical Subject Matter Expert) Functions as medical staff officer at various levels Serves as commander of companies, battalions, brigades, and medical treatment facilities Establishes medical standard operating procedures for aid station / clinic / etc. Provides realistic medical training for all soldiers within your command /care or as requested

what year did congress authorize the army to train military PA's?

1971

when did the first army PA class graduate

July 1973

what year did the airfare begin enlisting PA's

1978

what year were female PA's allowed to be assigned to army combat units?

2015

what year were the 1st PA instructors at Academy of Health Sciences (in the military)?

1979

What year was the 1st Army PA assigned to White House Medical Unit?

1984

what year were Army PA program selected to train members of all services, effective 1996 (IPAP is born)?

1995

what year were the 1st PA’s selected for Doctorate level training/education?

1994

what year did the US Army and Baylor partnered to develop an eighteen-month emergency medicine residency

2006

what is the training military PA's receive?

Interservice Physician Assistant Program (IPAP)

what is the IPAP curriculum modeled after?

curriculum is modeled after a special “fast track” medical school model developed in World War II.

what year does the AMA endorse PA concept?

1970