Quiz 1 (lectures 1 & 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Symptomatology: Overt

A

What you can see of the stuttering/the part we hear, prolongations, blocks, repetitions

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2
Q

Symptomatology: Covert

A

Hidden, the emotion, the anxiety, the feelings, the escape and avoidance behaviors

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3
Q

Symptomatology: Physical concomitants

A

Body and head movements
distracting sounds, facial grimaces

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4
Q

Define stuttering

A
  • Communication disorder
  • Non-fluent speech
  • Atypical
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5
Q

3 typical disfluencies

A
  • Interjections
  • Repeating whole words
  • Not finishing a thought
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6
Q

3 atypical disfluencies

A
  • Blocks
  • Prolongation
  • Part-word repetition
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7
Q

Blocks

A

A pause, a stop, heaving breathing, muscle tension
“_____ toy” “I want (pause) cookie”

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8
Q

Prolongations

A

Length is increased, disturbance in the normal rhythm of words
“Mmmmmmy” “cooooookie”

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9
Q

Part-word repetition

A

Multiple repetitions of sounds or syllables in words
“B-but” “thi-thi-this”

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10
Q

4 risk factors/causes of stuttering

A
  • Genetics
  • Child development: children with speech/language problems=more likely to stutter
  • Neurophysiology: cognitive differences
  • Environmental: family and lifestyle differences
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11
Q

What is the difference between persistent and early stuttering?

A
  • Persistent: after age 6, disorder continues to lifetime, no recovery
  • Early stuttering: chance for recovery, seen in children, before age 6
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12
Q

2 types of intervention for child who stutters

A
  • Direct: motoric techniques to reduce stutter
  • Indirect: environmental changes parent training
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13
Q

Types of intervention for adults who stutter

A
  • Motoric: fluency shaping
  • Sensory: auditory feedback
  • Medications
  • Counseling
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14
Q

What are the effects of stuttering on a person who stutters?

A
  • Can be emotionally and socially challenging
  • Overall quality of life, anxiety, avoid certain situations, fearful to speak
  • Avoid jobs and social interactions.
    occupational, educational, social, mental impacts
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15
Q

4 main models/perspectives of stuttering

A
  • Psychological
  • Learning
  • Physiological
  • Multifactorial
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16
Q

Psychological

A

Something psychological/mental that is causing stuttering

17
Q

Learning

A

Anticipate stutter, it is a learned behavior by the speaker

18
Q

Physiological

A

Person has the ability to speak, but there is a fluency breakdown such as stress

19
Q

Multifactorial

A

Combination of factors that result in stuttering, varies by person and situation

20
Q

Demand and Capacity Model

A
  • Internal environmental factors play a role and put demands on a child that are outside of their capacity
  • The child is stuttering because there are too many demands on them and they are not receiving proper support
    *demands of speaker surpass their abilities
  • Guides treatment - match demands with ability
21
Q

Cerebral Dominance Theory

A
  • Lack dominance of the left hemisphere
  • Parents made children who were lefties to be right-handed, and that change caused stuttering
22
Q

Covert Repair Hypothesis

A
  • Disfluencies are the result of correcting phonological errors
  • There is a correlation between phonological disorders and stuttering
23
Q

Cognitive/Linguistic Motor Sequencing Theory

A

Difficulty with sequencing patterns of speech, issues with decoding, stuttering is a result of a combination of inefficient linguistic processing, difficulty with sensory motor skills

24
Q

Genetics

A

One or more genes may be responsible for stuttering. Genes interact with environmental factors (life style, beliefs, diet) or can be from an individual (birth order within the family, illness or trauma)

25
Q

2 theories of the Learning model

A
  • Anticipatory-Struggle Model: child is fearful of communicating, anticipates the stutter and struggles to avoid it. If people could forget they stutter, they would not have further difficulty with speech.
  • Diagnosogenic Theory: the problem is caused by a diagnosis. The disfluencies are diagnosed by the parents. The parents cause the development of stuttering by falsely believing their child had a stutter when they actually had normal disfluencies.
26
Q

How would you answer if a parent asks you “Why is my child stuttering?”

A

There is no one answer, a lot of factors can play a role into why your child is stuttering. (consider the age of the child: younger or older than 6?)
“we can discuss some of the risk factors associated with stuttering to help you understand”

27
Q

How can you demonstrate your competence as a clinician on stuttering?

A

Provide evidence based practice, take information from research and apply to therapy

28
Q
A