Quiz 1 (lectures 1 & 2) Flashcards
Symptomatology: Overt
What you can see of the stuttering/the part we hear, prolongations, blocks, repetitions
Symptomatology: Covert
Hidden, the emotion, the anxiety, the feelings, the escape and avoidance behaviors
Symptomatology: Physical concomitants
Body and head movements
distracting sounds, facial grimaces
Define stuttering
- Communication disorder
- Non-fluent speech
- Atypical
3 typical disfluencies
- Interjections
- Repeating whole words
- Not finishing a thought
3 atypical disfluencies
- Blocks
- Prolongation
- Part-word repetition
Blocks
A pause, a stop, heaving breathing, muscle tension
“_____ toy” “I want (pause) cookie”
Prolongations
Length is increased, disturbance in the normal rhythm of words
“Mmmmmmy” “cooooookie”
Part-word repetition
Multiple repetitions of sounds or syllables in words
“B-but” “thi-thi-this”
4 risk factors/causes of stuttering
- Genetics
- Child development: children with speech/language problems=more likely to stutter
- Neurophysiology: cognitive differences
- Environmental: family and lifestyle differences
What is the difference between persistent and early stuttering?
- Persistent: after age 6, disorder continues to lifetime, no recovery
- Early stuttering: chance for recovery, seen in children, before age 6
2 types of intervention for child who stutters
- Direct: motoric techniques to reduce stutter
- Indirect: environmental changes parent training
Types of intervention for adults who stutter
- Motoric: fluency shaping
- Sensory: auditory feedback
- Medications
- Counseling
What are the effects of stuttering on a person who stutters?
- Can be emotionally and socially challenging
- Overall quality of life, anxiety, avoid certain situations, fearful to speak
- Avoid jobs and social interactions.
occupational, educational, social, mental impacts
4 main models/perspectives of stuttering
- Psychological
- Learning
- Physiological
- Multifactorial