QUIZ 1 IN RIZAL Flashcards
REVIEW
What is a cash crop?
Crops cultivated for export
Cash crops are grown for direct sale in the market, rather than for family consumption or to feed livestock.
Define decree in the context of governance.
An order issued by a legal authority; a policy pronouncement
What was the Galleon trade?
Trade between the Philippines and Mexico from 1565-1815, involving galleons sailing to Mexico loaded with goods and returning with silver
Who are the Insulares?
Pure-blooded Spanish born in the Philippines
What is a mestizo?
A person with mixed ancestry; one parent is Chinese or Spanish and the other is a native
What are merchant houses?
Firms established in Manila and other cities by foreign traders
What is a Pacto de Retroventa?
An agreement that allows a landowner to sell land with the guarantee of buying it back at the same price
What is the Parian?
Chinese enclave established in 1581 outside the walls of Intramuros
Who are the Peninsulares?
Pure-blooded Spanish born in Spain
Define Principalia.
Wealthy pure-blooded natives said to have descended from the Kadatoan class
What does Sangley refer to?
People of pure Chinese descent in the Spanish Philippines
What is social stratification?
A way by which people in a society are categorized based on socioeconomic and political standards
What significant economic development occurred in the late eighteenth century?
A shift in the monarchy in Spain from the Habsburg to the Bourbons, leading to recalibrated colonial policies
What were Bourbon policies aimed at?
- Curbing contraband commerce
- Regaining control over transatlantic trade
- Curtailing the church’s power
- Modernizing state finances
- Establishing tighter political control
What was the Royal Philippine Company established for?
To finance agricultural projects and manage new trade and Asian markets
What crops dominated Philippine exports in the first half of the nineteenth century?
- Tobacco
- Sugar
- Cotton
- Indigo
- Abaca
- Coffee
What is the danger of engaging in a pacto de retroventa?
Forfeiting the land and becoming tenant farmers or kasama
What role did inquilinos play in the Philippine economy?
They rented land to sublet it to smaller farmers
How did the influx of Chinese affect the Philippine economy during colonial times?
Chinese proved to be ‘necessary outsiders’ in the economy and enlivened retail trade
What was the effect of the Galleon trade on economic development in the Philippines?
It had a negative effect as Spanish capital was devoted to speculation in Chinese goods
What was the impact of the new economy on education in the Philippines?
Demand for a more literate population led to the issuance of an order for primary schools in 1836
What was the 1849 decree of Governor-General Narciso Claveria about?
It urged people to adopt surnames for better surveillance and tax collection
What were the categories of social stratification in the Philippines?
- Peninsular
- Insular
- Mestizo
- Principalia
- Indio
- Chino Infiel
