Quiz 1 IMF Flashcards
Sp3 hybridization
tetrahedral
Sp2 hybridization
trigonal planar
Sp hybridization
linear
Tetrahedral hybridization with no lone pairs
tetrahedral
Tetrahedral hybridization with 1 lone pair
trigonal pyramidal
Tetrahedral hybridization with 2 lone pairs
bent
Trigonal planar with 1 lone pairs
bent
Trigonal planar with no lone pair
Trigonal planar
What causes electron density polarization
electronegative difference
Define polarization
shifting of electrons within their orbitals in a bond
Polarization results in a
bond moment
Non-symmetrical bond moments result in
dipole moments
What is a dipole moment
amount of partial charge x distance separated by δ− or δ+
What is a dipole moment measured in
Units of debye
1 Debye =
10^-18 esu x cm
esu of 1 electron
4.80 x 10^-10 esu
Dipole moment for molecules with multiple polar bonds
The vector sum of all individual dipole moments
Most negative electrostatic charge are what colors
RED
Most positive electrostatic charge are what colors
BLUE
adhesiveness between molecules affects what
Many properties: solubility, boiling point, density, state of matter, melting point, etc.
Neutral molecules are attracted to one another by
dipole-dipole interactions
hydrogen bonding
dispersion forces
What is a dipole-dipole interaction
Polar molecules line up on opposite charges
Why are hydrogen bonds so strong
because partial charges (δ− or δ+) are relatively large
When will a hydrogen bond have a large partial positive charge
When a hydrogen shares electrons with highly electronegative atom (O, N, F, Cl)
Are H-bonds stronger or weaker that covalent bonds
Weaker
What are protic compounds
Compounds with H atoms that are capable of forming H-bonds
Polar compounds mix well if
Compounds being mixed are all capable of H-bonding and/or strong dipole-dipole interactions
Non-polar compounds mix well if
none are capable of strong attractions, so that no strong attractions are broken down for them to mix
