Quiz 1/Hepatobiliary and GI Disturbances Flashcards
T/F: Local and general anesthesia depress sensation of the upper airway innervation.
TRUE
What nerve controls the nasopharynx?
Trigeminal nerve
What nerve controls the posterior third of tongue and oral pharynx?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
T/F: The superior laryngeal nerve innervates the base of the tongue and inferior epiglottis to the vocal cords.
TRUE
What nerve controls the vocal cords distally?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
The superior laryngeal nerve controls what?
Cricothyroid Thyroid Muscle
What pathology of the oropharynx will increases aspiration of pneumonia?
- Pharyngeal tumor
- Cerebral vascular accident
- metabolic toxin
Where does the esophagus begin and end?
- originate pharynx
- approximately the sixth vertical vertebra
- End at the stomach
What layers tissue make up the esophagus?
-Outer longitudinal layer
-Inner circular muscular layer
*Smooth and striated muscle
-Mucosal Lining
*Squamous epithelium
*Except for distal 1-2 cm which is
composed of columnar epithelium.
Where does the esophagus pass through diaphragm?
Right crus
List the type of tissue encountered from esophageal wall from inner to outer?
- Epithelium
- Basement membrane
- Lamina propria
- Muscularis mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis propria
- Regional lymphatics
- Thoracic duct
The inferior _________ arteries supply the ______ esophagus.
thyroid, cervical
T/F: The aorta esophageal branches of the bronchial arteries supply the thoracic esophagus.
TRUE
What are the two intrinsic plexuses for the esophagus?
- Auerbach plexus (Myenteric)
- Meissner Plexus (submucosal)
What are the extrinsic factors of the esophagus?
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
- Somatic
What increases tone ot the upper esophagus sphincter?
- inspiration
- esophageal distention
- gagging
- valsalva maneuver
- acidity of gastric contents
What decreases tone of the upper esophagus sphincter?
- Distention
- Belching
- Vomiting
Name the common esophageal disorders?
- dysphagia
- chronic alcoholism
- achalasia
- barrett esophagus
- GERD
- Hiatal Hernia
- esopageal diverticula
- esophageal carcininome
What do you do for dysphagia?
- Find the underlying cause.
* Barium contrast studies
* Upper endoscopy
What is the pathology of chronic alcoholism for esophageal disorder?
- Impaired esophageal peristalsis
- LES hypotonia
- Degeneration of the auerbach plexus
- Mallory Weis Tear
Achalasia is the _______ of the ______ esophageal sphincter tone to relax during swallowing accompanied with a lack of peristalsis.
failure, lower
Achalasi developes secondary to which chronic disease state?:
-Diabetes
-stroke
-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
-connective tissue diseases (amyloidosis /
scleroderma)
All the above.
What is Barrett esophagus?
Normal squamous epithelium changes to metaplastic columnar epithelium
T/F: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease occurs when normal lower esophageal sphincter (LES) functions properly permitting stomach contents to reflux into the esophagus and possibly the pharynx.
FALSE