Quiz #1

Question 1

What is a theory?

Answer 1

Hypothesis that has never been proven wrong

EX: gravity

Question 2

Peer review

Answer 2

reviewed paper/work that is reviewed by many experts or many people

Question 3

correlation vs. causation

Answer 3

correlation –> are they related
causation –> is one variable caused by the other and only because of the variable?

Question 4

what is the conclusion of a peer review?

Answer 4

publishing

Question 5

Curiosity, Mars Rover

Answer 5

• landed in 2012
• searching for evidence of life on mars
• traveling across crater

Question 6

Five functional traits of life

Answer 6

• growth
• reproduction
• homeostasis
• sense and respond to stimuli
• obtain and use energy (metabolism)

EX:
mules - can’t reproduce
fire - can grow and obtain energy
mars - water?
viruses, prions, bacteria - no cells, lives in harsh environments

Question 7

charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Answer 7

proton = positive charge (+)
neutron = neutral/no charge
electron = negative charge (-)

Question 8

covalent bond

Answer 8

shared pair of electrons

Question 9

organic vs. inorganic molecules

Answer 9

organic (has C-H bonds + carbon backbone)
inorganic (could have C-H bonds, but lack carbon backbone)

Question 10

atomic number vs. atomic mass

Answer 10

atomic number = # of protons
atomic mass = # of protons and neutrons

Question 11

Cells & their structure: why is there a bilayer?

Answer 11

to keep water in and out (save cell contents)

Question 12

hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic

Answer 12

hydrophobic - resists water
hydrophilic - attracted to water

Question 13

Solutions - solvent & solutes

Answer 13

solvent - H20, substance that dissolves others

solutes - dissolved substance

Question 14

strength of bonds: order

Answer 14

iconic bond (strongest
covalent bonds
hydrogen bonds (weakest)

Question 15

what is a polar molecule?

Answer 15

unshared electrons: has a negative and positive end (ex: H20)

Question 16

what is an ion and an ionic bond?

Answer 16

ion bond - charged atom due to loss or added electrons

ionic bon - strong bond

Question 17

what is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 17

H+

Question 18

why is water a good solvent?

Answer 18

it’s polar, partial proton and electron ends stick out and want to find there opposite bond

Question 19

why is water consider “sticky”?

Answer 19

hydrogen bonds

Question 20

cohesion vs. adhesion

Answer 20

cohesion - stick to each other
adhesion - adhere to surfaces

Question 21

Viruses and prions

Answer 21

viruses - protein shell, genetic material
prions - protein shell, no genetic material

Question 22

antibiotics

Answer 22

stops or slows the growth of bacteria without harming human or animal host (ideally)

Question 23

penicillin

Answer 23

*1928, Alexander Fleming

Penicillium notatum is a fungus that is capable of killing many kinds of bacteria, stopping their reproduction

Question 24

prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells

Answer 24

prokaryotic cells
- no organelles
- cell wall
eukaryotic cell
- has a nucleus
- has many organelles

both share:
cell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
DNA

Question 25

cell membrane

Answer 25

protect

Question 26

cytoplasm

Answer 26

liquid

Question 27

ribosomes

Answer 27

RNA + proteins –> protein synthesis

Question 28

DNA

Answer 28

genetic material instructions

Question 29

mitochondria

Answer 29

powerhouse of the cell

Question 30

nucleus

Answer 30

holds DNA safe

Question 31

endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - rough & smooth

Answer 31

makes proteins + lipids (fats)

Question 32

golgi apparatus

Answer 32

modifies proteins and sends them to ultimate destination/protein function site

Question 33

lysosomes

Answer 33

garbage/recycle center

Question 34

cytoskeleton

Answer 34

cell shape/structure

Question 35

chloroplasts

Answer 35

plants only: turns light into energy

Question 36

how the nucleus, ER, and glogi apparatus work together to produce and transport proteins

Answer 36

• nucleus has instructions
• ER makes proteins
• golgi modifies and sends proteins to their function site

Question 37

gram-positive vs. gram-negative

Answer 37

gram-positive –> keeps stain because no membrane

gram-negative –> no stain because membrane keeps stain out, resists antibiotics

Question 38

simple diffusion vs. facilitated diffusion vs. active transport: which ones require energy and transport proteins?

Answer 38

s = small, uncharged
f = large, hydrophilic
a = large, hydrophobic

requires energy –> active transport

transport proteins –> facilitated diffusion and active transport

Question 39

what is bioprinting?

Answer 39

like 3D printing but with cells instead of plastic

Question 40

how organs can grow

Answer 40

1) take biopsy of cells
2) place cells on agar plate and scaffolding (mold of shape)
3) add nutrients to sample
4) let it grow