Quiz 1 - cranial measurements

Question 1

Maximum cranial length

Answer 1

distance between glabella (g) and opisthocranion (op),

Question 2

Maximum cranial breadth

Answer 2

maximum width of skull perpendicular to midsagittal plane wherever it is located, with the exception of the inferior temoporal lines and the area immediately surrounding them. Euryons (eu-eu);

Question 3

Bizygomatic Diamter

Answer 3

direct distance between most lateral points on the zygomatic arches (zy-zy);

Question 4

Basion-Bregma Height

Answer 4

direct distance from the lowest point on the anterior margin of the foramen magnum (ba), to bregma (b).

Question 5

cranial base length

Answer 5

direct distance from nasion (n) to basion (ba).

Question 6

basion-prosthion length

Answer 6

direct distance from basion (ba) to prosthion (pr). spreading or sliding caliper

Question 7

Maxillo-Alveolar breadth

Answer 7

maximum breadth across the alveolar borders of the maxilla measured on the lateral surfaces at the location of the second maxillary molars (ecm).

Question 8

maxillo-alveolar length

Answer 8

direct distance from prosthion (pr) to alveolon (alv). calipers used only if incisors missing

Question 9

biauricular breadth

Answer 9

least exterior breadth across the roots of the cygomatic processes (au), wherever found.

Question 10

upper facial height

Answer 10

direct distance from nasion (n) to prosthion (pr)

Question 11

minimum frontal breadth

Answer 11

direct distance between the two frontotemporale (ft)

Question 12

upper facial breadth

Answer 12

direct distance between the two external points on the frontomalar suture (fmt)

Question 13

nasal height

Answer 13

direct distance from nasion (n) to the midpoint of a line connecting the lowest points of the inferior margin of the nasal notches (ns)

Question 14

nasal breadth

Answer 14

maximum breadth of the nasal aperture (al-al)

Question 15

orbital breadth

Answer 15

laterally sloping distance from dacryon (d) to ectoconchion (ec)

Question 16

orbital height

Answer 16

direct distance between the superior and inferior orbital margins

Question 17

biorbital breadth

Answer 17

direct distance between right and left ectoconchion (ec)

Question 18

interorbital breadth

Answer 18

direct distance between right and left dacryon (d)

Question 19

Frontal chord

Answer 19

direct distance from nasion (n) to bregma (b) taken in the midsagittal plane

Question 20

parietal chord

Answer 20

direct distance from bregma (b) to lambda (l) taken in the midsagittal plane

Question 21

occipital chord

Answer 21

direct distance from lambda (l) to opisthion (o) taken in the midsagittal plane

Question 22

Foramen magnum length

Answer 22

direct distance from basion (ba) to opisthion (o)

Question 23

foramen magnum breadth

Answer 23

distance between the lateral margins of foramen magnum at the points of greatest lateral curvature

Question 24

Mastoid length

Answer 24

vertical projection of the mastoid process below and perpendicular to the eye-ear (Frankfort) plane.

Question 25

Chin height

Answer 25

direct distance from infradentale (id) to gnathion (gn)

Question 26

Height of the mandibular body

Answer 26

direct distance from the alveolar process to the inferior border of the mandible perpendicular to the base AT THE LEVEL OF THE MENTAL FORAMEN

Question 27

breadth of the mandibular body

Answer 27

maximum breadth measured in the region of the mental foramen perpendicular to the long axis of the mandibular body

Question 28

bigonial width

Answer 28

direct distance between the right and left gonion (go)

Question 29

bicondylar breadth

Answer 29

direct distance between the most lateral points on the two condyles (cdl)

Question 30

minimum ramus breadth

Answer 30

least breadth of the mandibular ramus measured perpendicular to the height of the ramus

Question 31

maximum ramus breadth

Answer 31

distance between the most anterior point on the mandibular ramus and a line connecting the most posterior point on the condyle and the angle of the jaw

Question 32

maximum ramus height

Answer 32

direct distance from the highest point on the mandibular condyle to gonion (go)

Question 33

mandibular length

Answer 33

distance of the anterior margin of the chin from a center point on the projected straight line placed along the posterior border of the two mandibular angles. Instrument: MANDIBULOMETER

Question 34

mandibular angle

Answer 34

angle formed by the inferior border of the corpus and the posterior border of the ramus. instrument: MANDIBULOMETER