Quiz 1 - cranial measurements Flashcards
Maximum cranial length
distance between glabella (g) and opisthocranion (op),
Maximum cranial breadth
maximum width of skull perpendicular to midsagittal plane wherever it is located, with the exception of the inferior temoporal lines and the area immediately surrounding them. Euryons (eu-eu);
Bizygomatic Diamter
direct distance between most lateral points on the zygomatic arches (zy-zy);
Basion-Bregma Height
direct distance from the lowest point on the anterior margin of the foramen magnum (ba), to bregma (b).
cranial base length
direct distance from nasion (n) to basion (ba).
basion-prosthion length
direct distance from basion (ba) to prosthion (pr). spreading or sliding caliper
Maxillo-Alveolar breadth
maximum breadth across the alveolar borders of the maxilla measured on the lateral surfaces at the location of the second maxillary molars (ecm).
maxillo-alveolar length
direct distance from prosthion (pr) to alveolon (alv). calipers used only if incisors missing
biauricular breadth
least exterior breadth across the roots of the cygomatic processes (au), wherever found.
upper facial height
direct distance from nasion (n) to prosthion (pr)
minimum frontal breadth
direct distance between the two frontotemporale (ft)
upper facial breadth
direct distance between the two external points on the frontomalar suture (fmt)
nasal height
direct distance from nasion (n) to the midpoint of a line connecting the lowest points of the inferior margin of the nasal notches (ns)
nasal breadth
maximum breadth of the nasal aperture (al-al)
orbital breadth
laterally sloping distance from dacryon (d) to ectoconchion (ec)
orbital height
direct distance between the superior and inferior orbital margins
biorbital breadth
direct distance between right and left ectoconchion (ec)
interorbital breadth
direct distance between right and left dacryon (d)
Frontal chord
direct distance from nasion (n) to bregma (b) taken in the midsagittal plane
parietal chord
direct distance from bregma (b) to lambda (l) taken in the midsagittal plane
occipital chord
direct distance from lambda (l) to opisthion (o) taken in the midsagittal plane
Foramen magnum length
direct distance from basion (ba) to opisthion (o)
foramen magnum breadth
distance between the lateral margins of foramen magnum at the points of greatest lateral curvature
Mastoid length
vertical projection of the mastoid process below and perpendicular to the eye-ear (Frankfort) plane.
Chin height
direct distance from infradentale (id) to gnathion (gn)
Height of the mandibular body
direct distance from the alveolar process to the inferior border of the mandible perpendicular to the base AT THE LEVEL OF THE MENTAL FORAMEN
breadth of the mandibular body
maximum breadth measured in the region of the mental foramen perpendicular to the long axis of the mandibular body
bigonial width
direct distance between the right and left gonion (go)
bicondylar breadth
direct distance between the most lateral points on the two condyles (cdl)
minimum ramus breadth
least breadth of the mandibular ramus measured perpendicular to the height of the ramus
maximum ramus breadth
distance between the most anterior point on the mandibular ramus and a line connecting the most posterior point on the condyle and the angle of the jaw
maximum ramus height
direct distance from the highest point on the mandibular condyle to gonion (go)
mandibular length
distance of the anterior margin of the chin from a center point on the projected straight line placed along the posterior border of the two mandibular angles. Instrument: MANDIBULOMETER
mandibular angle
angle formed by the inferior border of the corpus and the posterior border of the ramus. instrument: MANDIBULOMETER
