Quiz 1 Chapters 1-4 Flashcards
Roman Colosseum official name
Flavian Amphitheater
Roman Colosseum constructed
80 AD
Single Purpose facilities
Designed for one sport, very rare but typically extreme spots like Motorcross or rock climbing
Multipurpose facilities
Hosts variety of events, almost all stadiums/arenas
Nontraditional
Designed to appeal to high-risk activities
White water rafting, often same as single-purpose
The revival of the ___ ____, the addition of sports to ____, and the growth of ____ ____ contributed to the increase in sport facilities in the modern era
Olympic Games
universities
Professional Baseball
Arms Race
Competition among sport organizations to have the best facilities, resources, and revenue-generating amenities to have an advantage in the marketplace
Between 1880 and 1920, the MLB lists more than __ stadiums that were built (and what were they called)
60
Jewel Box era/design
Hockey owners followed ___ and built arenas
Needed to fill empty seats on nights off so they ___
Baseball
Used boxing and ice capades, later partnered with basketball and had two tenants
Cookie Cutter
1970’s
Built to host two teams, typically baseball and football
Rungrado May Day Stadium
Built-in North Korea, took 2.5 years to construct
150,000 capacity
known for its roof
Largest USA stadiums
The Big House (Michigan) 107,601
Mostly college football stadiums
Bristol Motor Speedway, estimated 153,000 possibly 160,000
Trends in Stadiums/Arenas
Post covid outdoor space
Partnering with communities/businesses for entertainment spaces
Touchless technology
Field, Court, or Pitch
The playing surface at the center of a stadium. Natural grass, artificial turf, or clay
Grandstands
The structure that holds spectators, with seating arranged in tiers
Quarter circle bends or straight strands
Can be open, oval, or horseshoe
Bowl
The seating area that forms a bowl-like structure around the playing field. Typically made out of reinforced concrete or steel
Ex behind home plate
Circulation
The movement of spectators through concourses, corridors, and hospitality spaces
Sightlines
The visual perspective from each seat
Zoning
The distribution of retail, concession stands, and restrooms to ensure they are accessible and not overcrowded
Code-set of rules commonly used in zoning
Schematics
Conceptual (first) phase of drawings
Bids
Financial proposal to complete a project
Architect
Chief Designer
General Contractor
Manages the build
Very rarely has equipment in hand
Sub-Contractor
Completes a specialized construction element
Feasibility
Determines realistic and practical solutions (report)
Capital Projects
Determines need, achievability of funding, and viability for future use
SWOT
Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats
Short Answer??
Preparing a budget begins with ?
Weighing the potential expenses against potential revenue
Pro-forma
Statement that summarizes the projected future status of a company and is used for foundational financial planning
Fixed costs
Costs that don’t change
Variable costs
Costs that can change
Estimating construction costs
Land, design, utilities, materials, labor
Identifying hard and soft (indirect) costs
Soft - things like insurance, permits, legal fees
Site Selection
Vital in attraction future patrons
knowing what the land is like- how draining is in certain spots
how utilities travel
Topographical
Displays key elements that make up the site: electrical, sewer, water, and gas
Geographical
Indicates soil conditions that dictate what materials are necessary to support the foundation for the proposed building as well as provisions for drainage of surface and runoff water
What insurance is necessary when working in construction
Liability
Building Green
Builders often take care to install mechanical and electrical systems that reduce our carbon footprint and energy efficiency
What is risk?
The probability that a hazard will lead to loss
Loss does not necessarily mean loss of life
Another way to put risk
Dangers that we seek to actively identify, confront, and control
Negligence
Inability to provide a reasonably safe place
Liability excluding negligence
Affected by the practices of the personnel within the facility
What do the schematics do
Determine the function of the building
Illustrate the proposed components of the layout
Designate required spaces per code
The contract with the design firm must address that the
Facility will be designed based on the established budget
Property exposure risk
Natural disasters, fire, vandalism/terrorism, theft
Tort or civil wrong
Causing harm to someone
Elements of negligence
Duty, Breach of Duty, Proximate cause, Damages
How many sport-related terrorist attacks between 1972 and 2004
168
What was the first major sport terrorist attack
1972 Munich Olympic Village attack
Changes to prevent terrorism
Bag searches, metal detectors, not allowing certain objects, surveillance cameras
What is Risk Management
A sound framework to minimize the potential severity of the risk
Who’s responsible, what can we avoid
Benefits of good risk management
Reduces the likelihood of undesirable and costly impacts
Increases safety of the patrons
Improves financial issues more generally
Reduces costs associated with insurance premiums
Improves the quality of the sporting experience
Enhances the managers’, employee’, and volunteers’ level of confidence in their abilities
Audit
A systematic critical examination of the facility to identify key risk or safety issues
Risk analysis
How likely, what are the consequences?
Risk evaluation
Determine whether risk is acceptable or not
Five common Strategies (Risk Management)
Avoidance
Risk Acceptances
Reduce the risk with a series of control
Transfer the risk
Retain the risk
