Quiz 1 | Chapters 1-3

Question 1

What is a volcano?

Answer 1

An opening in the earth’s crust that allows materials that are warmer than their surroundings to escape from those surroundings

Question 2

What is the escape of materials called?

Answer 2

An eruption

Question 3

What form do these materials take?

Answer 3

Lava, ash, gas and other products

Question 4

What is an earthquake

Answer 4

A sudden shaking of the ground caused by the sudden movement of part’s of the earth’s crust

Question 5

Why is there breakage of the crust?

Answer 5

It can be due to a number of causes including volcanic activity

Question 6

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 6

Conjecture that may explain observations and must have the possibility of being proven false

Question 7

What is a theory?

Answer 7

An explanation that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed through observations and experiments

Question 8

What is the crust?

Answer 8

Thin, outermost layer of the earth

Question 9

What is the moho?

Answer 9

Marks boundary between crust and mantle

Question 10

What is the lithosphere?

Answer 10

Consists of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle, which is relatively rigid
Continental lithosphere is thicker than oceanic

Question 11

What is the asthenosphere?

Answer 11

Lies below the lithosphere and entirely within the mantle with ability to flow like plastic

Question 12

What is a seismoscope?

Answer 12

an earthquake detector using ball in a dragon’s mouth that falls into frog’s open mouth below.

Question 13

When was/What happened during the Lisbon earthquake?

Answer 13

In 1755, there was a huge earthquake in Lisbon. All the people fled to the shore and then a tsunami hit and fires broke out all over town.
It significantly influenced enlightenment philosophers

Question 14

Who is the father of modern geology?

Answer 14

James Hutton who believed in uniformitarianism which means “the past is the key to the present”

Question 15

Who was Charles Lyell?

Answer 15

he was the first to link the occurrence of earthquakes with faults/breaks in the earth’s crust

Question 16

What sorts of technological advances were made during the wars?

Answer 16

SONAR/Echo sounding was invented on submarines to test how deep the water was. This helped map out the mountains under the ocean
Magnetometers/Magnetic anomaly detectors: helped track the magnetic pole of the earth
The number of seismic stations increased because of nuclear fear
More scientists were on ships discovering stuff

Question 17

Who came up with the idea of Continental Drift?

Answer 17

Alfred Wegener

Question 18

What is the plate tectonic theory?

Answer 18

The lithosphere is divided up into rigid plates and the plates move above the asthenosphere.
Most of the relative motion between plates (and hence most geological activity) takes place along the relatively narrow boundaries between plates.
Interiors of plates are relatively stable

Question 19

What is different about oceanic crust?

Answer 19

It is really dark and dense because of the amount of iron in it. It’s composed of salt and gabbro.

Question 20

What do scientists look at to determine the direction of the magnetic pole?

Answer 20

the way iron faces when it cools on a volcano

Question 21

Describe heat flow in underground volcano’s

Answer 21

heat from the mantle flows up through the crust. Heat flow decreases away from the ridge axis

Question 22

Who came up with and what is Sea-floor spreading

Answer 22

Harry Hess came up with the idea. Robert Dietz coined the term.
volcanoes erupting push the crust out bringing up new crust. Old crust gets pushed down into the mantle

Question 23

What are the three types of plate boundaries?

Answer 23

Divergent boundary
Convergent boundary (subduction zone)
Transform boundary

Question 24

What is a divergent boundary?

Answer 24

as sea-floor spreading progresses, new oceanic lithosphere forms at the mid-ocean ridge axis.
These are the volcanoes in the ocean and where the heat flow comes up pushing old crust out and new crust up

Question 25

What is continental rifting?

Answer 25

a rift is created on continental crust when the ground splits because of a divergent boundary

Question 26

What is a convergent boundary?

Answer 26

the part where the old crust goes under the continental crust

Question 27

What is a transform boundary?

Answer 27

the one where the two ridges rub parallel to each other