Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Sex > Quiz 1 Chapter 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Chapter 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

cultivation theory

A

television as a meaningful representation of interactions in everyday life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

agenda setting

A

emphasizing certain types of stories and excluding others has the effect of only showing viewers what the companies and reports see as valuable and will produce ratings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

social learning

A

characters and interactions viewed on TV serve as a model for who we should be and how we should interact with others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sex

A

biological sex traits that we exhibit at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sexuality

A

understanding at any given time during life of who we are as sexual beings. including sexual orientations (who we are emotionally, physically and spiritually attracted to) and how we understand ourselves in terms of our attractiveness, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

gender

A

traits we exhibit that are social and culturally understood as masculine and feminine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

psychoanalytic theory

A

sigmund freud was the first to present a theory to explain psychosocial development
- explains both conscious and unconscious forces that shape personality, motivation and behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 parts of personality

A

id: instinctual desires
ego: mediates between realities of the outside world and personal urges
superego: internalized standards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

psychodynamic theory

A

explains personality development as the result of successful (or unsuccessful) completion of specific stages during the first six years of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

classical conditioning

A

ivan pavlov

pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus will, over time result in a conditioned response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

operant conditioning

A

BF skinner
individual gets frequent rewards until the individual provides the desired behaviours
positive/negative reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

social learning theory

A

Albert Bandura
learning occurs through modelling observed behaviours
3 stages: imitation, identification, self-efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

social exchange theory

A

describes how people try to maximize rewards and minimize costs
4 components: balance of costs and rewards
equity/equality
comparison level
comparison level for alternatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

social script theory

A

indicates that social interactions are made easy and predictable because we follow culturally predefined patterns of behaviour
- gain an understanding of how to do things based on what is socially and culturally acceptable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

scientific method

A

generate scientific theories

6 components: question, hypothesis, experiment, observation, analysis and conclusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

social cognitive theory

A

environments influence the ways in which we think

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Richard Von Krafft-Ebing

A

19th century sex researcher
claimed that masturbation was the root of all sexual deviance
portrayed sexual behaviour as pathological
Book Psychopathia Sexualis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Henry Havlock Ellis

A

studied sexual norms in various cultures
emphasized variation in sexuality and influence of culture and society
portrayed masturbation and same gender sex as non-pathologic
reported similarity in sexual desire and response among men and women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Magnus Hirschfeld

A

regarded as first advocate for sexual minorities
founded scientific committee - focused on homosexual and transgender rights
“Justice through science”
nazi exile - work burned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Alfred Kinsey

A

applied statistics to sex research instead of personal observation
kinsey institute in indiana University
“Sexual behaviour in human male” and “Sexual Behaviour in human female”
fostered new level of awareness about diversity of behaviour
scale of sexual orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

William Masters and Virginia Johnson

A

focus on physiology of sexual response and treatment of sexual dysfunction
use of instruments to measure sexual response
“human sexual inadequacy” (sex therapy)
“Human Sexual Response”
what happens in the female and male body during intercourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Shere Hite

A

Hite report 1976 focused on female sexuality
anecdotal and statistical information from 3000 women
knowledge of female sexual behaviours
challenged many social norms related to female sexuality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Primary Ethics Concerns

A

safety
informed consent
privacy and confidentiality
fairness and equity in research participation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

thermography

A

relatively new tool that can be used to measure sexual arousal in both men and women
uses changes in temperature to assess arousal in the genital region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

vaginal photoplethysmogram

A

measures changes in vaginal vasocongestion
using a light source and a light detector, this tampon-shaped device illuminates the vaginal walls and measures blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

laser doppler imaging

A

measures female sexual arousal

projects an IR light over the skin to detect moving blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

penile strain gauge

A

measure sexual arousal in males

placed at the base of the penis and measures blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Beverly Whipple

A

uses MRI scans to see what was happening in the brain during female sexual responses
studied female ejaculation and the role of the G spot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

mons pubis

A

fatty pad of tissue covering the junction where the right and left public bones meet at midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

pubic hair

A

pheromonal signalling
protection against friction of intercourse
signals sexual maturity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

labia majora

A

nerve endings that are important for sexual arousal

protection for the sensitive clitoris and inner lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

labia minora

A

inner lips
important in sexual arousal
vary widely in appearance
some women have labiaplasty
during arousal they swell and push out to prepare the vaginal canal
serve as protection against infections and irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

clitoris

A

more nerve endings than the vagina
most common way for women to achieve arousal and orgasm
only organ designed specifically for pleasure

34
Q

vulvar vestibule

A

sensitive entranceway to the vaginal and urethral openings

35
Q

vestibulodynia

A

condition that makes the vaginal entrance so sensitive that any kind of penetration is painful

36
Q

hymen

A

thin membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening
generally present at birth (some women born without one)
can vary significantly

37
Q

vagina

A

canal that starts at the vaginal opening and extends up and tilts slightly backward toward the base of the spine
at rest, the vagina measures about 7.5 to 12.5 cm into the body
when aroused it swells by 5-7.5 cm

38
Q

Bartholin glands

A 
small pair of glands that lie to the right and left of the vagina
function is unknown, but may contribute to vaginal lubrication
39
Q

Skene’s glands

A

pair of glands on the front wall of the vagina and their ducts empty into the urethra
may be the female prostate and part of the G spot

40
Q

G spot

A

Grafenberg spot
large area located on the front of the vaginal wall
extremely pleasurable for some women and for others it’s not arousing

41
Q

Ovaries

A

two ovaries at the ends of the fallopian tubes on each side of the uterus
endocrine glands that produce both estrogen and progestins
a women ovulates an egg alternately from one ovary and then the other
analogous to the testes in males

42
Q

cervix

A

located at the top of the vagina
secretes mucous through its glands
Os is the opening at the centre of the cervix

43
Q

Uterus

A

innermost layer is the endometrium
second layer is the myometrium (muscle)
third layer is the perimetrium (smooth muscle)

44
Q

Cancer of the cervix

A 
3rd most common form of cancer in women
Cause: most by HPV
is curable
pap test to test
hysterectomy sometimes used as treatment
45
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

two oviducts or uterine tubes carry the ova from the ovaries to the uterus
measure 10cm long, either side of uterus
usually fertilization occurs in the infundibulum or part of the tube closest to ovary

46
Q

Penis

A

functions include sexual pleasure, urination and reproduction
sections of the penis: roots, shaft and glans
most sensitive area is the glans at the head of the penis
smooth muscles make up the penis
3 spongy bodies: 2 corpus cavernosa and a corpus spongiosum

47
Q

corpus cavernosa

A

two cylinders covered with a fibrous sleeve that pulls tight when filled with blood and stiffens the penis

48
Q

corpus spongiosum

A

cylinder that remains soft and spongy during an erection

49
Q

Scrotum

A

made of two layers: outer layer of skin with a little hair and an inner layer of involuntary muscle called the dartos

50
Q

dartos

A

inner layer of involuntary muscle of the scrotum

makes the testes contract when cold

51
Q

Testes

A

male reproductive organs that secrete male sex hormones (androgens) and produce sperm
spermatic cord suspends each testis in the scrotum and contains the vas deferens, blood vessels and nerves
surrounded by a layer of muscle called the cremaster muscle that lifts the testicle as they contract

52
Q

seminiferous tubule

A

live inside the testes and produce and store sperm

53
Q

epididymis

A

covers part of each testicle

matures and stores sperm

54
Q

vas deferns

A

carries sperm to the prostate gland where they enter the urethra

55
Q

seminal vesicle

A

contribute up to 70% of ejaculate fluid

56
Q

prostate gland

A

secretes a thick, milky, alkaline fluid, resulting in a chemically safe environment to maintain sperm

57
Q

Cowper’s glands

A

secrete a pre-cum that prepares the urethra for ejaculate

58
Q

semen

A

made up of fluid from seminal vesicles and the prostate gland

59
Q

pros of circumcision

A

decrease in UTIs
decrease in some STIs such as HIV and genital warts
decrease in adult penis cancer
prevent or corrects phimosis

60
Q

cons of circumcision

A

procedure entails risks such as infection, hemorrhage, shock and penile mutilation
heightened pain response to vaccinations

61
Q

cancer of the testes

A

disease of young men
first sign- painless lump in the testes or slight enlargement or change in consistency of the testes, pain in lower abdomen or groin
diagnosis - physical exam
cause - unknown

62
Q

four stages of erection

A

flaccid phase
filling phase
tumescence phase
rigid phase

63
Q

cremaster muscle

A

in the scrotum

can raise and lower the scrotum depending on temperature and sexual arousal

64
Q

tunica vaginalis

A

a closed sac that allows movement of the testes

65
Q

perennial raphe

A

divides the left and right compartments of the testes

66
Q

pampiniform plexus

A

network of veins from testis that surround testicular artery causing the blood to be cooler in the testes than the rest of the body

67
Q

sex

A

physical characteristics that are often used to define people as male or female (genitalia)

68
Q

gender expression

A

or just gender

all the characteristics, traits, apparel, mannerism and other things we understand as masculine, feminine or androgynous

69
Q

gender identity

A

ranges of experience of man, woman, trans or otherwise

range of identities on a spectrum

70
Q

sexual orientation

A

who we are emotionally, spiritually, physically sexually attracted to (gay, lesbian, bi, straight, queer)

71
Q

sexuality or sexual identity

A

aspects of our bodies and personalities that construct how we and other understand ourselves as sexual beings
can include a wide range of factors including dress, personality, body image, variance in sexual interests

72
Q

three processes in gender development in childhood

A

detecting gender
having gender
doing gender

73
Q

social structural theory

A

gender differences form unequal power divisions

privilege and power embedded in a patriarchal society

74
Q

intersex

A

umbrella term used to describe people who have sex characteristics that are not exclusively male or female

75
Q

turner syndrome

A

only one X
1 in 2500 females
short, under developed breasts, webbed neck, infertile
estrogen patches for treatment

76
Q

klinefelter’s syndrome

A 
XXY
1 in 500-1000 males
often undiagnosed until puberty
breast development, small testes, shorter, low testosterone
may not identify as male
77
Q

Sex hormone variations

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia
androgen insensitivity syndrome
5-alpha reductase deficiency

78
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

high levels of androgens by adrenal glands
cause varying degree of virilization in female genitals
may be diagnosed at puberty

79
Q

androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

XY karyotype but develop female phenotype
mutations in the androgen receptor genes, prevent body from masculinizing
CAIS have female genitals and identify as heterosexual
female but male DNA
passed through the mother or spontaneous
have testes inside

80
Q

5-alpha reductase deficiency

A

clustered in regions such as dominican republic
enzyme deficiency means female genitals at birth
at puberty testosterone levels cause the testes to descend and masculinize the external genitals
most assume a male identity
male DNA
lack of enzyme that produces dihydrotestosterone

Human Sex (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions