Quiz 1 - Chapter 1 Flashcards
- What are the four primary tissue types?
a. Epithelial Tissues
b. Connective Tissue
c. Muscle Tissue
d. Nervous Tissue
Epithelial Tissues
i. Sheet of tightly packed cells that form membranes and glands
ii. Key Functions – protection, secretion, absorption, and/or excretion
iii. Epithelial tissue is classified according to – SHAPE and NUMBER OF LAYERS
iv. Squamous (flat), Cuboidal (cube shaped), Columnar (column shaped)
v. Simple (one layer) & Stratified (more than one layer) (Look at PPT)
vi. Epithelial tissues are highly mitotic and can be divided into two main types: a) Membranes (covering and lining Epithelium) = protection (EX. Skin) b) Glands (glandular epithelium) = forms the secreting part of glands (Exocrine Glands & Endocrine Glands)
vii. Exocrine Glands – Secrete chemicals outside the body, they do have ducts (Examples: sweat glands, sebaceous glands, majority of pancreas, lacrimal glands, etc.)
Endocrine Glands – Secrete chemicals (hormones) into the blood, no ducts (examples: adrenal gland, certain cells of the pancreas
Connective Tissue
i. Sparse scattering of cells in an extracellular matrix
ii. Key Functions – Bind and/or support
iii. Connective Tissue Proper (adipose) – fat cell, binds, fills spaces, etc. examples – tendons, ligaments, dermal layer of skin, ADIPOSE (fat) [found throughout body, energy storage, insulation]
iv. Cartilage – supports and protects [Examples: joint surfaces, nose, ear]
v. Bone – structure, support, protect [Examples: spine, femur, rib cage], bone is produced as concentric layers to form structures called osteons that make up bone
vi. Blood – transport materials [found in blood vessels], blood provides oxygen, nutrients, and row
Muscle Tissue
i. A primary tissue type that is specialized for contraction that leads to movement of either the skeleton or internal organs
ii. Skeletal – generally attaches to bone movement of skeleton, [important characteristics: long, unbranched, tightly packed, il fibers; multinucleated; striated (striped); voluntary (conscious control)], skeletal muscle cells arise from the fusion of 100+ myoblast; LOOK AT PPT
iii. Cardiac – heart muscle pumps blood; important characteristics [ branched fibers, UNI/BI nucleated, striated (striped), intercalated discs, involuntary (NOT consciously controlled)
iv. Smooth – movement within internal organs other than the heart (digestive tract, bladder, arteries, etc.); important characteristics [spindle shaped fibers, UNI nucleated, NO striations, involuntary (NOT consciously controlled)]
v. Muscle fiber = same thing as muscle cell cell and fiber are used interchangeably
Nervous Tissue
i. Composed of cells that generate and conduct electrical impulses and supporting cells
ii. Key Functions – fast coordination of the body
iii. Neuron – generate and conduct electrical impulses
iv. Support (glial) cells – various functions in both structural and functional support of neurons
Tissues and Organs
usually contain of all 4 tissue types
Exocrine Gland
i. Secrete chemicals outside the body
ii. They Do have ducts
iii. Examples sweat glands, sebaceous glands, majority of pancreas, lacrimal gland
Endocrine Gland
i. Secrete chemicals (hormones) into the blood
ii. No ducts
Examples adrenal gland, certain cells of the pancreas
Homeostasis
maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
Normal range
allowed or acceptable variability around a set point
i. Highest and lowest acceptable values (slide 34)
Set Point
targeted value; where your body wants to keep things
Negative Feedback
response mechanism that maintains homeostasis by counteracting change (drives variable back to the set point)
Sensor
detects stimulus
Integrator
receives input from many sources and controls effector tissue
Effector
acts to bring variable back to set point
