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Anatomy > Quiz 1- Basics and Embryology > Flashcards

Quiz 1- Basics and Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Cutting body down to create a left and right

A

sagittal

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2
Q

Slicing body down like halving a chicken

A

coronal (anterior/posterior)

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3
Q

Slice body in half like magic show

A

transverse (superior and inferior)

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4
Q

Rotation towards and away from midline

A

lateral/medial

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5
Q

What surrounds compact bone?

A

periosteum

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6
Q

Describe 2 main components of long bone

A

diaphysis (shaft) and epiphysis (articular surfaces)

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7
Q

Where would we find sesamoid bones?

A

patella

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8
Q

Describe how intramembranous ossification occurs (3 main steps)

A

mesenchyme clumps, osteoblast, osteocyte

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9
Q

Name the 5 steps of endochondral ossificatin

A
  1. cartilaginous tube 2. primary ossification at the diaphysis 2. secondary ossification at the ends 4. elongation of epiphyseal disk 5. fusion
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10
Q

What separates two skeletal systems?

A

joints

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11
Q

Components of primary synovial joint (all have these 3 things)

A

joint capsule, synovial membrane, fibrous membrane

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12
Q

What are the 4 components that secondary synovial joints can have?

A

menisci, labrum, fat pads, articular disks

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13
Q

ROM of joints when it is like a hinge (elbow)?

A

uniaxial

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14
Q

The patella can move in two directions, what is this called?

A

biaxial

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15
Q

Ball and socket joints like hips, move in multiple directions, what is this called?

A

multiaxial

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16
Q

What two components connect muscles with bones and cartilages?

A

tendons and aponeurosis

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17
Q

If a muscle is fixed and doesnt move, it is known as what?

A

origin

18
Q

The moving part of the muscle connected is what

A

insertion

19
Q

What cell implants and then rapidly divides and cleaves?

A

zygote

20
Q

The zygote cleaves into what cell that travels into the uterine lining?

A

blastocyst

21
Q

The inner cells of a blastocyst that will become the placenta are called?

A

trophoblast

22
Q

What do the inner clump cells of the blastocyst become?

A

embryoblast- us

23
Q

What is the tri-laminar disc composed of?

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

24
Q

This germ layer will create the brain, spinal cord (neural tube), nerves, skin, nails, and hari

A

ectoderm

25
Q

The mesoderm will make what important organs?

A

heart, kidneys, bones, cartilage, muscles, vessels, reproductive organs

26
Q

The lungs, trachea, GI tract, liver, pancreas, bladder are made by what germ layer?

A

endoderm

27
Q

How is the neural tube formed from the neural ectoderm? (3 steps)

A
  1. grows tall and makes crests, grooves 2. meet in the middle 3. zips and closes into neural tube
28
Q

Name the embryotic derivatives of mesoderm (4)

A

notochord, paraxial, intermediate, lateral plate

29
Q

The paraxial mesoderm will make what important derivative for spinal creation?

A

somites

30
Q

Somites will become what two things that eventually make more of body?

A

dermamyotome, sclerotome

31
Q

Sclerotome will make bones more effectively by what process?

A

segmentation

32
Q

The paraxial mesoderm (two french breads on each side of neural tube) will segmentate into?

A

somites

33
Q

What the does somite derivative sclerotome make?

A

vertebrae

34
Q

What the does somite derivative dermamyotome make?

A

Muscles from axial and dermis

35
Q

Dermatome and myotome are derivative of?

A

dermamyotome

36
Q

The areas of the skin innervated from a single spinal root?

A

dermatomes “striped spinal root”

37
Q

how does the myotome derivate of dermamyotome which derives from somites create muscle groups?

A

group of muscles from single spinal root

38
Q

Epaxial and hypaxial refer to what?

A

come from myotomes, epaxial has dorsal branches for the back, hypaxial will make the branches

39
Q

The endoderm will fold and pinch off to become what?

A

gut tube

40
Q

The body cavity will be pinched off by what?

A

lateral plate

Anatomy (2 decks)

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