Quiz #1 Flashcards
1
Q
- is synonymous to liberty or independence
A
freedom
2
Q
(DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY)
-right of a person to do whatever he/she pleases to do, for as long as his/her conduct or actions are within the bounds set by law
A
freedom
3
Q
Types of freedom
A
Freedom of Expression
Freedom of Speech
Freedom of Thought
4
Q
-People can express themselves through media
A
Freedom of Expression
5
Q
- Right for an individual to openly criticize or affirm the actions of the people around him/her
A
Freedom of Speech
6
Q
- can never be taken away if imprisoned/ tortured/ commanded not to
A
Freedom of Thought
7
Q
notions of freedom
A
Nonphilosophical
Political
Philosophical
8
Q
- People misconstrue the very essence of freedom & Intentional misunderstanding of the concept is used to advance own selfishness
A
g.w.f. hegel
9
Q
- There is a pressing need to clearly establish & define the meaning of freedom
A
g.w.f. hegel
10
Q
- Everything determined by previously existing causes
A
Determinism
11
Q
- usually construed as something that rules out free will because it claims that humans do not have a choice as their future has already been predetermined
A
Determinism
12
Q
Human beings live in an ordered universe and all phenomena occur with seemingly law-like regularity -
A
Metaphysical View of the Nature of Things
13
Q
Implies that future is predictable and explainable -
A
Metaphysical View of the Nature of Things
14
Q
- asserts that there are things in the universe which do not have antecedent causes
A
Free Will
15
Q
- the will acts independently from causes
A
Free Will
16
Q
- it rejects the concept of determinism
A
Free Will
17
Q
manifests in the context of one’s desires, reasons, inspirations, and motivations and, in turn, invokes his/her power to choose
A
Human Free Will
18
Q
- a kind of philosophy that highlights human existence, human freedom, and choice.- anchored on the question of human existence
A
Existentialism
19
Q
- argues that one must define his/her meaning in life and make rational decisions
A
Existentialism
20
Q
- holds that a person was thrown into nothingness and for him/her to counter such state, he/she must embrace his/her existence
A
Existentialism
21
Q
- Known existentialist
A
Jean paulsartre
22
Q
- Explores the true meaning of freedom in what way a person can achieve such
A
Jean paulsartre
23
Q
- Associated essence to human nature that one must achieve to acquire
A
Jean paulsartre
24
Q
- ability to choose
A
Freedom
25
- Existentialism is a Humanism
Jean paulsartre
26
- All human beings, having consciousness and free will, have freedom of choice
Jean paulsartre
27
- There is no fixed human nature; only human conditions that dictate the limitations of human beings in the universe
Jean paulsartre
28
protect rights (GRANTED FREEDOM & RIGHTS)
Laws and Policies
29
- Filipinos adhere to the Principle of Democracy (FREEDOM is enjoyed)
PHILIPPINES
30
- Freedom to assembly, Freedom of speech, Freedom of Expression etc.
PHILIPPINES`
31
recognizes the nature of human being with respect to intersubjectivity.
Philosophy as a discipline
32
one of the primary factors that set someone apart from all the other species in the animal kingdom.
A person's ability to socialize
33
does not only focus on one's relationship with someone he/she loves, but also put premium to how he/she is in society influences him/her as a person.
Intersubjectivity
34
refers to interhuman encounter
Intersubjectivity
35
one does not simply acknowledge the reality that there are other beings apart from him/her who exists in this world.
Intersubjectivity
36
key term
Acceptance
37
embracing differences and diversity in terms of attitudes, skills, physical and mental attributes, and even choices and sense of decision making in life.
Acceptance
38
one of the most fundamental themes in discussing intersubjectivity
The Concept of Love
39
Intersubjective experience plays a significant role in the framework of a person as both an objectively existing and experiencing subject
Edmund Husserl
40
Interhuman experience is an empathic experience, as one is mirrored by his/her kind and more often that not, subrogates himself/herself into another's shoes
Edmund Husserl
41
about accepting people in different walks of life
Intersubjectivity
42
who views his/her own culture as the center of all cultures
ethnocentric
43
often promotes in-group harmony
ethnocentrism
44
who sees his/her culture as inferior
xenocentric
45
may cause the slow death of culture
xenocentrism
46
sociologists often use _____ to view other cultures apart from their own as neither superior nor inferior.
culture relativism
47
These are musts in the quest for accepting other people's differences
Tolerance and Dialog
48
Being with Persons with Disabilities
Intersubjectivity in Focus
49
before 20th,century society viewed people with disabilities as:
objects of fear and pity
50
Years ago in Greece, sick were called
inferior
51
he wrote in republic that deformed infants must be thrown away to a "mysterious unknown place"
PLATO
52
In African countries, children with disabilities are called:
shame and considered cursed
53
A person and his/her society are inseparable because
they are always in mutual need of each other
54
one of the most interesting topics in social sciences
relationship between an individual and his/her society
55
basically dependent on society
INDIVIDUAL
56
a lasting social group whose members have developed organized patterns of relationships through interaction with one another
SOCIETY
57
it came to exist due to humans' natural capacity to associate with others
SOCIETY
58
SOCIAL ANIMALS FORMED:
```
small community (family) -->
structured community (society)
```
59
it creates opportunities for a person to develop his/her full potentials.
SOCIETY
60
a very popular theory on the origin of society
SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
61
states that society came to exist out of people's desire to have harmony in their community
SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
62
Three classical Philosophers who have different conceptions of the primordal "contract"
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
63
Leviathan book
Thomas Hobbes
64
claims that a man created a government and surrendered his several rights and freedom out of fear - fear of death
Thomas Hobbes
65
Hobbes strongly advocates
Golden Rule
66
proposed the ideal state and government for man
Thomas Hobbes
67
proposed the idea of artificial man
Thomas Hobbes
68
described the political entity such as a state or nation with reference to the human body as a model
Thomas Hobbes
69
took pessimistic route in views on human nature
Thomas Hobbes
70
his philosophy shaped the world's perspective on government laws
`Thomas Hobbes
71
took a more positive road
John Locke
72
banked on the idea that people are innattely good.
John Locke
73
conceives the idea that a person's nature is happy, reasonable, and tolerant
John Locke
74
the government was created under a social contract and was given the responsibility to uphold the natural law and guaranteed the rights proceeding from such law
John Locke
75
advocated a government with supreme power of legislation. (postulates the idea of equality where there should only be one rule for the rich and poor, that imposition of taxes must be through the consent of the people)
John Locke
76
developed the notion that in the direst of circumstances, the people have a right and moral obligation to overthrow a corrupt government.
John Locke
77
started his social conteacy with a provocative text "Men are born free, yet everywhere they are in chains"
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
78
claimed that the civil society did nothing to ensure the observance of equality and imposition of individual liberty which by implication must be given to a person by virtue of the social contract
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
79
the only legitimate government is one which was established by the people themselves who entered into a social contract for purposes of their mutual preservation
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
80
interpreted the social contract as an answer to the inequalities and injustices that sprung from early societies
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
81
it is the essential ingredient to attain social order
COMPROMISE
82
SUMMARY
People must surrender their individual freedoms to ensure safety liberty and their right to property
83
interaction of two or more individuals in a bordered situation
SOCIAL SYSTEM
84
operates on the basis of norms and standards shared by its members
SOCIAL SYSTEM
85
exists within a family, a team, a political party, or any social structure where individuals could share comon interests and sentiments
SOCIAL SYSTEM
86
Elements of a social system
```
Beliefs
Sentiments
Goals and Objectives
Norms
Statuses and Roles
Authority
Sanction
```
87
This element brings unity and uniformity to the collective behavior of a group.
Beliefs
88
brought by the prevalence of customs and cultures of society
Beliefs
89
propels a social system to move forward as it provides its members a clear-cut direction in life.
Beliefs
90
mirror what the members feel about the world and the society
Sentiments
91
this is basically one of the reasons why social systems are established
Sentiments
92
People who share common _____ toward something feel a strong sense of belongingness that enables them to establish close association with each other
Sentiments
93
Every social system has its own _________ to achieve
Goals and Objectives
94
This is the very reason why social systems are formed- to meet certain goals and realize their ultimate objectives
Goals and Objectives
95
determine the very nature of a social system.
Goals and Objectives
96
keep a social system intact
Norms
97
with these, members of a certain social system are oftentimes hesitant to deviate from the rules
Norms
98
key ingredients to the stability of a social system
Norms
99
Every individual member in a social system plays a certain role. Every member is expected to obey the rules in accordance with one's respective status in the society.
Statuses and Roles
100
position which an individual holds in the society
Status
101
are social patterns usually determined by a person's status in society
Roles
102
one of the social system
Authority
103
every social system must have the ______ over its members
| conflict may arise within the system if this is absent
Authority
104
is a mechanism for social control meted to the members of a social system to ensure conformity to its norms and laws.
Sanction
105
is needed for a social system to thrive and survive
Sanction
106
It is an event which a person commonly dreads to witness and is a sensitive topic which one always avoids discussing
Death
107
one condition which all living entities share
Death
108
a reality that cannot be altered nor waived
Death
109
all living things come to this point
Death
110
they believe in the afterlife and in the idea of heaven and hell
THE CHRISTIAN VIEW
111
what do Christians call death?
Judgment Day
112
are encouraged to live by the teachings of Jesus and of the Bible in order to enter the kingdom of heaven
Christians
113
a predominantly Christian nation
Philippines
114
most of the Filipinos believe death as a :
tantamount to the end of suffering and the finding of eternal peace in the hands of the creator
115
death is a natural process and it is important for a person to be aware of it
THE BUDDHIST VIEW
116
claims that death is not the end of life, but simply the corruption of the body that one inhabits inthsi world
THE BUDDHIST VIEW
117
it is believed that the spirit lives on after the body to have a new life
BUDDHISM
118
adheres to the concept of reincarnation and transmigration of the spirit
BUDDHISM
119
one will be born is a result of the past and the accumulation of positive and negative actions, and the resultant karma is a result of one's past actions
BUDDHISM
120
believe that rebirth is a result of karma or the accumulation of all actions of the person
BUDDHISTS
121
According to the Buddhist belief, a person can be reborn in one of the six realms or worlds, namely:
```
heaven
humans
asura
hungry ghosts or spirits
animals
hell
```
122
a world of peace and long lasting happiness
heaven
123
a world where human beings thrive
humans
124
a spiritual realm chracterized by strife and never-ending fight because of jealousy and competition
asura
125
also a spiritual realm characterized by dissatisfaction and discontent, and where those who carved and desired excessively in their past lives are reborn
hungry ghosts or spirits
126
a realm similar to humans, except that those sho were reborn in this state are inferior to human beings and are always hunted by the latter. Those who are reincarnated in this world were those who have committed so many evil acts and have slaughtered and abused animals in their past life
animals
127
which is considered as the world of eternal suffering and pain. Those who are reincarnated in the realm of hell were those people who have committed the gravest crimes and have a huge deal of negative karma in their past lives
hell
128
It is also a teaching of Buddhism
Impermanence of life
129
none of the mentioned realms is permanent and no one stays in those realms perpetually
Impermanence of life
130
they were taught not to fear death as it will lead to rebirth
Buddhists
131
it also adheres to the concept of rebirth or reincarnation with a firm claim that the soul is both immortal and imperishable
THE HINDU VIEW
132
is a journey that begins when life has already taught the soul the lessons it needs to learn, and karma has reached a certain level of intensity. In this period, the soul leaves the body. It is here when the physical body is corrupted
Death in Hinduism
133
Death is not an end in itself, but part of the natural process in the existence of the soul as one separate entity.
HINDUISM
134
there is a reason why the soul journeys from one lifetime to another
HINDUISM
135
they believe that reincarnation happens to liberate the soul from all mistakes, desires, inconsistencies, and sins.
HINDUISM
136
they also had a strong adherence to karma
HINDUISM
137
the act of suicide is considered a chief and highest immoral act that could be committed by a person. If this happens, his/her soul is doomed to hell for a longer period of time
HINDUISM
138
The Hindu scriptures say that the body is composed of five elements:
air
fire
water
earth
they are considered as earthly elements
+
others that are known as ether (belongs to a higher realm)
139
Bodies are cremated, not buried. It is believed that by cremating the bodies, the elements are returned to their rightful places
HINDUISM
140
Heaven is never the solution to the problem of death, but the liberation of the soul from all the hindrances provided by the material world.
Hindu scriptures
141
The best way to reach God or attain oneness with God is through discipline and devotion
HINDUISM
