Quiz #1 Flashcards
First hospital of colonial America. Founded by Thomas Bond and Ben Franklin
Pennsylvania Hospital, now known as the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
By 1800 there were how many hospitals in the US?
2 hospitals
By 1873 there were how many hospitals in the US?
178 hospitals
In the 19th century hospitals and medical professionals (i.e. pharmacists) played a small role in healthcare. What did people rely on to maintain good health?
Clean air and good food emphasized over
medicines
These three states in the US have the most hospitals (as of 2018).
California, Texas, Florida
Over 200 hospitals
The US has about how many hospitals nationwide?
5,000+
6,146 as of 2020
Around the time of the Civil War (1861-1865),
need for organized pharmacy service started to
be recognized for expertise in what?
1 . Extemporaneous manufacturing
- Purchasing medical goods
In the early 20th century what changes occurred in reference to labor in hospitals, medical practice and medical therapies?
Hospitals increased division of labor
Medical practice became more
specialized
Medication therapies were more
complex
In the early 20th century, What was the impact on pharmacy?
- The demand for pharmaceutical services grew
due to more complex therapies - It made financial sense to fill medication orders
in house
What act was passed on October
28, 1919 and lasted for more than 13 years?
National Prohibition Act
How did the National Prohibition Act affect pharmacy?
Alcohol commonly prescribed in 1920s
Many doctors boosted their practices by distributing medicinal alcohol.
What role did pharmacists play in alcohol
prescribing?
- Inventory control
2. Manufacture medicinals containing alcohol
In the 1930s, the American Hospital Association
created the Committee of Pharmacy. What were the committee’s goals?
Develop minimum standards
Prepare a manual of pharmacy operations
In 1937, the Committee of Pharmacy Report was published. What was the purpose of this report?
The committee attempted to study the operation of hospital pharmacy in order to develop minimum standards for such departments.
In 1942 the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists (ASHP) was formed. What were the 2 major goals?
- Forum for sharing professional standards &
goals - Provide resources to assist in developing
hospital pharmacy practice
In 1955 ASHP changed their name to the American Society of Health-System
Pharmacists. What did this change reflect?
Reflects hospital changes, including
consolidation of facilities and
diversification beyond inpatient care into
ambulatory care and home care
How was the pharmacy profession viewed in the 50s and 60s? What professionals handled most medication functions?
Pharmacists still not considered “essential”. Viewed as “complimentary” services
1957-1960 Audit of Pharmaceutical Services in
Hospitals was conducted. What impact did this event have?
- Results were published in Mirror to Hospital Pharmacy and continues to be significant
- ASHP conducts annual surveys of hospital pharmacy and data is compared to earlier surveys
What was decision was the major turning point for the ASHP Hilton Head Conference?
Clinical pharmacy should not be
separate from pharmacy practice
What are the 4 major themes in hospital pharmacy?
- Pharmacists must oversee acquisition, distribution, &
control of drug products - Hospital pharmacy depts accepted a major role in
patient safety - Hospital pharmacy depts took on a major role in
promoting rational drug therapy - Hospital pharmacy depts have a goal of fostering
optimal patient outcomes from medication use
What 4 factors discussed in the slides had an impact on the changes that occurred in hospital pharmacy within its 50 year existence?
- Shift of national resources into health care
- 1965: Medicare
- Expansion of other health insurance coverage - Expansion of clinical research & drug product
development - More complex & costly drug therapy
- Increased interest in improving health care
quality
What entity developed the 60+ practice standards within the “Best Practices for Hospital and
Health System Pharmacy”?
American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP)
Describe how practice standards are enforced and implemented. (4 points)
- Issued by an expert group
- Provides advice on minimal requirements for best
methods to address a problem - Does NOT have the force of law
- Education & peer pressure foster compliance
What are the 4 main categories for types of hospitals?
- Functionality
- Size
- Location
- Ownership
What are the 5 types of hospitals based on functionality?
- Acute care hospitals
- Academic Medical Centers/Teaching Hospitals
- Community hospitals
- Long-term acute care hospitals (LTACH)
- Safety Net Hospitals (SNHs)
- Specialty hospitals
- Trauma Center Hospitals
