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Oral Pathology Exam 1 > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the effect of the position of the tongue during the formation of the secondary palate

A

At first the tongue is up very high near the nasal septum

As the palate fuses together the tongue moves downward out of the way

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2
Q

Congenital/hereditary causes of macroglossia

A

Vascular malformations (hemangioma, lymphangioma)
Hemihyperplasia
Metabolic diseases (mucopolysaccharidoses)
Downs syndromes
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

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3
Q

Isolated CL is often (80% of the time)…

A

Unilateral

70% on left

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4
Q

CL + CP are related ____ + isolated CP is a separate entity

A

Etiologically

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5
Q

What are the 2 etiologies of clefts

A

Isolated (non syndromic)

Syndrome associated

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6
Q

Incidence of CL vs. CP vs CL+CP

A

CL least common (25% cleft pts)
CP (30%)
CL + CP most common (45%)

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7
Q

What is the most common congenital abnormality in humans?

A

Orofacial clefts

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8
Q

How are bifid condyles oriented in the glenoid fossa?

A

Most common = lateral/medial

Less common = anterior/posterior

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9
Q

Incidence of leukoedema

A

Blacks > whites

More prominent in smokers

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10
Q

Incidence of lingual thyroid

A

Very rare
Small remnants of tissue seen in 10% of ppl
Actual lingual thyroid less common
- females > men

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11
Q

In condylar hypoplasia the jaw deviates _____ from the affected side

A

Towards

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12
Q

Incidence of coronoid hyperplasia

A

Rare
Men 5x > women
Bilateral 5x > unilateral

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13
Q

Fordyce Granules

A

Sebaceous glands in oral mucosa (buccal mucosa + vermillion zone of upper lip)
Ectopic
NORMAL variation (80% ppl)

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14
Q

Varicosities

A

Dilated + tortuous vein(s)

Commonly in sublingual area

Develops because loss of connective tissue tone leads to a slowing of bloodflow

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15
Q

Median mandibular cleft

A

Failure of fusion of the mandibular processes

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16
Q

How common is Eagle Syndrome

A

18-40% of ppl

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17
Q

Ankyloglossia

A

Tongue tie

Short thick lingual frenum

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18
Q

Oblique facial cleft

A

Failure of fusion of lateral nasal process + maxillary process

Extends from upper lip to eye

ALWAYS associated with CP

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19
Q

Double lip is more common in which lip

A

Upper

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20
Q

Commissural + paramedian lip pits are _____ because saliva can be squeezed out of them

A

Blind fistulas

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21
Q

Acquired causes for condylar hypoplasia

A

1 trauma

Infection
Radiation
Arthritis

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22
Q

Isolated (non syndromic) clefts are caused by _____ inheritance

A

Heterogeneous

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23
Q

How is the lower lip formed

A

Fusion of the 2 mandibular processes

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24
Q

4 things to know about Ascher Syndrome

A
  1. AD
  2. Double lip
  3. Blepharochalasis (upper eyelid edema)
  4. Nontoxic goiter (50% cases)
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25
Q

Exostoses

A

Tori
Localized bony protuberances arising from cortical plate

Histologically = mass of non neoplastic bone w minimal marrow

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26
Q

Fissures + geographic tongue (migratory glossitis) histologically appears just like…

A

Psoriasis

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27
Q

Racial variation of bifid uvula

A

Most common in Asians + Native Americans (1/10)
Whites (1/80)
Blacks (1/250)

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28
Q

Paramedian lip pits

A

Congenital (AD) invaginations of lower lip

Arise from persistent lateral sulci on the embryonic mandibular arch (normally disappear by 6 wks)

Blind fistulas

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29
Q

Traumatic Eagle Syndrome

A

Symptoms following fracture of the mineralized stylohyoid ligament

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30
Q

How do you differentiate between a varicosity and a tumor?

A

If site blanches it is likely NOT a tumor

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31
Q

Leukoedema

A 
Diffuse gray white look of mucosa
Buccal mucosa to lips
Thick epithelium
Intracellular edema
No tx

If you stretch cheek it goes away

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32
Q

Most minimal variation of CP

A

Bifid uvula

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33
Q

Acquired causes of macroglossia

A 
Edentulous pts
Amyloidosis
Myxedema
Acromegaly
Tumors (most common)
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34
Q

Submucous Palatal Cleft

A

Variation of CP
Defect in underlying musculature only
Seen as notch in palate
No problems (incidental finding)

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35
Q

Hairy tongue

A

Marked hyperkeratinization of filiform papillae (only papillae that doesn’t have tastebuds)

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36
Q

Lateral facial cleft can be isolated or associated with ___

A

Mandibulofacial dysostosis

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37
Q

Causes of CLASSIC Eagle Syndrome

A

after tonsillectomy after scar tissue develops in area of mineralized stylohyoid ligament

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38
Q

3 things to know about Van der Woude Syndrome

A
  1. Paramedian lip pits assoc with CL + CP
  2. Hypodontia
  3. Mutations in interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6)
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39
Q

Clinical presentation of condylar hyperplasia

A

Facial asmmetry
Prognathism
OB
(Sometimes) compensatory Mx growth + tilting of the O plane

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40
Q

Are bifid condyles more often unilateral or bilateral?

A

Unilateral

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41
Q

Symptoms of coronoid hyperplasia

A
  • restricted mouth opening

- deviation towards affected side

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42
Q

Commissural Lip Pits

A

Small mucosal invaginations @ corners of mouth on vermillion border

Abnormal fusion of the maxillary + mandibular processes

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43
Q

Carotid artery syndrome (stylohyoid syndrome)

A

Elongated mineralized complex (stylohyoid) impinges on internal + external carotid artery + assoc. sympathetic nerves —–> Eagle Syndrome

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44
Q

Lingual thyroid is associated with

A

Hypothyroidism (30% cases)
Rarely - carcinomas
- more common to develop in men so removal recommended for men >30 yrs)

45
Q

Variation of CP happens where?

A

In the soft palate alone or in BOTH hard + soft palate

46
Q

Orofacial clefting is most commonly of this etiology

A

Isolated (non syndromic)

47
Q

Orofacial clefts are associated with malocclusion because

A

Collapse of the Mx arch

48
Q

Most common acquired cause of macroglossia

A

Tumors

49
Q

Congenital causes for condylar hypoplasia

A

Treacher Collins syndrome (most common)
Oculoaruicularvertebral syndromes
Heifacial microsomia

50
Q

Lateral facial cleft

A

Lack of fusion of the maxillary + mandibular process

Isolated or assoc with mandibulofacial dystosis

Rare

Extends from commissures to ear

51
Q

3 hallmarks of Melkersson Rosenthal syndrome

A
  1. Fissured tongue
  2. Orofacial granulomatosis
  3. Facial paralysis
52
Q

Commissural lip pits are associated with a high incidence of __

A

Precauricular pits

53
Q

Commissural and paramedian lip pits have what hereditary pattern

A

Autosomal dominant

54
Q

What direction does the secondary palate form in

A

Front to back

55
Q

Blepharochalasis

A

Edema of upper eyelid leading to sagging of eyelids at corners
Severe = vision interference

Happens in Ascher Syndrome

56
Q

Causes of hairy tongue

A 
Smoking
Antibiotics
POH
Radiation
General debilitation

Staining caused by bacteria, coffee, tobacco

57
Q

Caliber persistent artery

A

Main arterial branch in superficial submucosal tissue without reduction in size

  • ONLY in lip (can be both lips or bilateral)
  • normal/blue color
  • disappears when stretched
  • pulsation
58
Q

Condylar hyperplasia (uncommon) is _____ common than coronoid hyperplasia

A

More

59
Q

Most common CP variation

A

Bifid uvula

60
Q

Caliber persistent artery is associated with…

A

Age - probs bc of loss of CT tone

61
Q

Tx for condylar hypoplasia

A

Rib graft
Osteotomy
Distraction osteogenesis

62
Q

Causes of double lip

A

Congenital (MOST)
Trauma
Oral habits
Ascher syndrome

63
Q

Varicosities are associated with age, but NOT associated with

A

Hypertension

Cardiopulmonary disease

64
Q

Commissural lip pits incidence

A

Fairly common

More common in adults

65
Q

Fissured tongue is strongly associated with…

A

Geographic tongue

Melkersson Rosenthal syndrome

66
Q

How does mandibular micrognathia contribute to CP in Pierre Robin Sequence

A

Prevents descending of the tongue, causing CP

67
Q

List the incidence of orofacial clefts in different racial groups

A

Black (least common)
White
Asian
Native Americans (3.6/1000)

68
Q

How is CP different than normal in Pierre Robin Sequence?

A

Wider

U shaped

69
Q

Ankyloglossia is associated with…

A 
Open bite
Perio disease (esp lingual anterior)
Dyspnea (epiglottis comes forward)
Breast feeding probs
Speech articulation probs
70
Q

Hairy tongue can easily be confused with…

A

Hairy leukoplakia

71
Q

Oblique facial cleft is ALWAYS associated with ___

A

CP

72
Q

Lingual thyroid

A

Thyroid tissue doesn’t migrate properly

Some/all of it is left @ foramen cecum of tongue (where it descends from initially)

73
Q

Symptoms of Eagle Syndrome

A

Vague facial pain while swallowing, turning head, opening
Dysphagia
Dizziness
Transient syncope (faint)

74
Q

Syndrome associated clefting makes up 3-8% of all clefts and is caused by:

A

250 developmental syndromes

  • single gene mutations (AD, AR, or X linked)
  • chromosomal abnormalities
  • idiopathic
75
Q

Does hairy tongue always present with staining?

A

No - depends on pts diet

76
Q

Condylar hypoplasia pts clinical findings

A

Small mandible

Class II

77
Q

Significance of genetic counseling for cleft pts

A

3-5% Risk of cleft in sibling or offspring

Risk increases to 10-20% if there are affected first degree relatives

78
Q

How is the upper lip formed

A

Middle upper lip = fusion of medial nasal processes (both sides) + frontonasal process

Lateral upper lip = fusion of maxillary processes (both sides) + medial nasal process

79
Q

Causes of condylar hyperplasia

A

Trauma (most)
Endocrine
Circulatory
Hemifacial hyperplasia

80
Q

Phleboliths can develop within…

A

Varicosities

81
Q

Hairy tongue involves ____ papillae, the only papillae that doesn’t have tastebuds

A

Filiform

82
Q

In condylar hyperplasia, the jaw deviates _____ from affected condyle

A

Away

83
Q

3 hallmarks of Pierre Robin Sequence

A
  1. Mandibular micrognathia (small jaw)
  2. CP (wider + u shaped than normal CP)
  3. Glossoptosis (tongue falls back into airway)
84
Q

Ankyloglossia incidence

A

Boys&raquo_space;»> girls

Complete ankyloglossia = vv rare

85
Q

Fordyce granules can become…

A

Hyperplastic

Form keratin filled cysts

86
Q

Reactive subpontine exostoses (subpontic osseous hyperplasia)

A

Develop from alveolar crestal bone under pontic of a posterior bridge - comes up to meet pontic

87
Q

Eagle syndrome

A

(Usually) asymptomatic elongation of styloid process or mineralization of stylohyoid process

88
Q

Amloidosis

A

Acquired cause for macroglossia
Can be caused by multiple myeloma
Amyloid deposits on tongue

89
Q

3 hallmarks of Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome

A

Fissured tongue
Orofacial granulomatosis
Facial paralysis

90
Q

Stafne Defect (Static Bone Cyst/Defect) definition

A

Asymptomatic radiolucency with sclerotic border usually near angle of mandible (below canal)

*salivary glands normal

91
Q

Stafne Defect is developmental but not ____

A

Present from birth

92
Q

Stafne Defect incidence

A

Strikingly more common in men

80-90% of cases

93
Q

Hemihyperplasia - definition

A

Asymmetric overgrowth (hyperplasia) of 1(+) body parts

  • Involves ALL tissues of affected side (incl. bone)
  • More pronounced @ puberty
  • NOT hypertrophy
94
Q

Complex hemihyperplasia involves…

A

Whole side of body

95
Q

Simple hemihyperplasia involves…

A

Single limb

96
Q

Hemifacial hyperplasia involves…

A

1 side of face

97
Q

Incidence of Hemihyperplasia

A

Women 2x > men

Right 2x > left

98
Q

2 dental clinical presentations of hemihyperplasia

A

Unilateral macroglossia

Increased crown

99
Q

Romberg Syndrome

A

Progressive hemifacial atrophy

Affects dermatome of 1(+) branches of trigeminal N.

100
Q

Romberg Syndrome Incidence

A

Women > men

101
Q

Typical progression of Romberg Syndrome

A

Begins by 2nd decade

Stabilizes after 20yo

102
Q

Clinical presentation of Romberg Syndrome (3)

A
  1. Sharp line of demarcation on forehead
  2. Osseous hypoplasia
  3. Dark pigmentation of overlying skin
103
Q

8 features of Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia (hemimaxillofacial dysplasia)

A
  1. Mistaken for fibrous dysplasia
  2. Childhood
  3. Unilateral Mx enlargement
  4. Gingival hyperplasia
  5. Missing Mx PMs
  6. Retained primaries w abnormal enamel
  7. Smaller Mx sinus
  8. Facial hypertrichosis, hyperpigmentation
104
Q

7 benign epithelial lesions assoc. with HPV

A
  1. Squamous papilloma
  2. Verruca vulgaris
  3. Condyloma acuminatum
  4. Heck’s disease
  5. Sinonasal papillomas
  6. Molluscum contagiosum
  7. Verruciform xanthoma
105
Q

Flat lesions =

A

Macule

106
Q

Raised lesions =

A

Papule

Nodule

107
Q

Irregular surfaced lesions =

A

Papillary

108
Q

Which HPV strains are assoc. with squamous papilloma

A

HPV 6 + 11

109
Q

Most common benign neoplasm?

A

Squamous papilloma

Oral Pathology Exam 1 (3 decks)

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