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DVM1100 > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Mainstream Approach to Globalization

A
  • based off economy only
  • the economic aspect is the ability of a society to produce adequate goods and services, accumulate capital, and distribute them in society (translates to economic growth)
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2
Q

Economic Development

A

-growth is positive, progressive, steady

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3
Q

Modernization theory views (6)

A

Individualistic view of development - liberalism
Objection against any intervention by the state - capitalism
Narrowing the meaning of development down to economic growth - materialism
Development from within - endogenous view
Development as freedom - democratic perspective
Denial of culture and identity specifications - universalism

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4
Q

Why Canada as an example of Globalization?

A

healthy, industrialized and advanced country

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5
Q

Canadian Democratic Society

A

-individualism
-freedom and collaboration with competition
-tolerance
-justice
-human development
-resonsibility to protect
-sympathy with others
MULTICULTURAL

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6
Q

Canadian problems even though we’re globalized

A

-Pollution, environmental dehydration, climate change,
-Rising inequality and social fragmentation
-Aboriginal issues
-peace and security at home and abroad
-Ageing population: health care and retirement income
-Poverty and social security at home
-International competitiveness of Canadian industry
Some of these problems are caused by development!!

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7
Q

Other dimensions of Globalization

A 
• Canada is a product of earlier ears of globalization 
	• European colonialism in the Americas 
	• European settlement 
	• Interactions with aboriginal peoples
	• Successive wave of immigration
Capitalism
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8
Q

Canada as actor in globalization

A 
• Canada as an actor in a globalizing world;
		○ Trade
		○ Finance and investment 
		○ Immigration and emigration
		○ Diplomacy
		○ Democratization and human rights
		○ Military activity abroad
		○ Foreign aid and international development 
		○ Humanitarian assistance 
		○ Judicial exchange and assistance
		○ Educational and cultural domains 
Global Samaritan
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9
Q

Globalization FOR

A

• Like development, globalization has both boosters and critics
• For: ever freer flows of goods, ideas and people that benefit all of us
○ more prosperity
○ More variety
○ More mobility
○ More freedom to choose

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10
Q

Globalization AGAINST

A

• Against: ever great exploitation of the lower and middle socio-economic strata bu the strongest groups
○ More environmental change
○ Greater inequality
○ More exploitation of the weakest

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11
Q

The idea of international development (date)

A
  • 1949
  • Post WW2
  • development as a plan of action
  • developed countries began helping undeveloped countries to prosper
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12
Q

the theory of international development (the date) brrrrr

A
  • 1960
  • The Cold War
  • The birth of the theory
  • development as politics
  • fear of influence of communism in developing countries
  • powerful countries such as US begin helping undeveloped countries to prosper (multiple motives)
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13
Q

alternative perspectives on international development (the date)

A

1980s

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14
Q

Mainstream Approach to development (name & date)

A
  • Harry Truman and development in 1949

- inaugural address states that he wants to help developing countries

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15
Q

the UN decade for development

A

1960

  • postcolonial era - the age of independence
  • fragility causes influence of communism
  • help is preventive
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16
Q

Which American president was behind the first UN declaration?

A

Kennedy

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17
Q

Modernization theory of economic growth (Date and Name)

A
  • The idea was theorized through the book “The Stages of Economic Growth”
  • Rostow
  • 1960
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18
Q

the 5 stages of economic growth

A
  • traditional economy
  • preparation for growth
  • take-off
  • drive to maturity
  • the condition of mass consumption
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19
Q

dependency theory (case sensitive)

A
  • World Systems Theory
  • Dependency Theory
  • developing countries suffer from issue because they’re depending on the will of the developed countries
  • ‘modernization theory’ is not a proper way to grow underdeveloped countries
20
Q

Dependency Theory Key Ideas

A
  • country’s position in international system is the key factor in its development
  • countries are located in either core or periphery
21
Q

Core countries

A
  • urbanized, industrialized, technologically advanced, etc.
  • these countries receive the raw materials from peripheries and upsell it (this makes for fair advantages)
  • take cheap labour from periphery countries
22
Q

Periphery countries

A
  • rural, agricultural, mining, forest, etc.
  • these countries usually export raw materials with a few prime products (such as cocoa)
  • sell raw materials to core countries with small profit margins while importing goods from these core countries furthering debt
  • vulnerable to volatility of raw material prices
23
Q

Core country France example

A
  • Peripheries include Guinea, Cameroon, and Senegal\
  • an uneven interdependency (more favourable for France)
  • Unfair international trade
24
Q

Dependency Theory (date & name)

A
  • 1960/70s
  • **Raul Prebisch started this theory
  • direct bi-product of colonialism
  • poverty happens from the unequiable trading and the value added aspect of it
25
Q

Colonialism

A

the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

26
Q

TRIPS (acronym) in relation to Dependency Theory

A

trade
related aspects
intellectual
property rights

27
Q

Outcomes for Periphery Countries

A

Economic: underdevelopment and high poverty
Social: inequality, conflict & wars
Political: Authoritarian regimes, suppression of people

28
Q

How do we overcome underdevelopment?

A
  • the developing countries must deny the classical and neoliberal theories
  • they must deny orthodox Marxism proposals
  • they must invent their own paths to development

step one is to break down all imperialistic chains of dependency

29
Q

Dependency Branches

A
  • unfair interdependency
  • structural approach
  • systematic approach
  • historical perspective
  • nationalist perspective
30
Q

a newer version of dependency theory (case sensitive) (who came up with it)

A
  • Ander Gunder Frank
  • the unequal dependency are the essential part of the structure and development of the capitalist system in a world scale in countries
  • perhaps interdependency but, unequal and in favour of the metropolitan countries
31
Q

The World Systems Theory (name)

A
  • Immanuel Wallerstein
  • dependency has been caused by the world structures
  • world system has created its own boundaries
  • capitalist world is a centerless system
  • this system is marked by a continual struggle and competition for wealth and benefits
32
Q

Tiers of World Sytsems Theory

A

Core: higher levels of education, generates more wealth in the world economy, exploits by cheap labour and raw materials, gains and maintains dominant position

Periphery: lower levels of education, lower salaries, generates less wealth in the world economy, exploited by core and semi-periphery

Semi-Periphery: the core and periphery processes are both occurring, exploited by the core but then exploits the periphery, serves as a buffer between the other two

33
Q

Difference between Dependency Theory and World Systems Theory

A

Dependency Theory is structural but country to country has dependency while the World Systems Theory has international system causes of dependency

34
Q

when did neoliberalism take place?

A

1979-1980

  • by the end of the 70s the mainstream perspective was still considering development in terms of economic growth and material satisfaction
  • dependency theories was struggling for changing the unfair structure of dependency
  • human development standing at the pick of its acceptance, but not clear what must be done
35
Q

when was the neoliberal Washington Consensus?

A

1989-1990

36
Q

Pragmatic neoliberalism and problems with stagflation (date & names)

A

1979-1980
-Fredrich von Hayek, Milton Friedman, Margert Thatcher, Ronald Reagan came up with this solution to stagflation
free market + human rights and democracy leads to: integration into global market : the only alternative : pragmatic solution for stagflation

37
Q

Neoliberal Proposal

A
  • cut state spending
  • deregulation of the market
  • constrain wage raise to decrease inflation
  • expanding the role of private sector through privatization of public assets
  • liberalization of foreign trade
  • relax control of capital and money markets
  • protection of weaker sectors of society by strengthening social safety net

thought was if these steps were followed the economy would grow

38
Q

Second phase of Neoliberalism (Washington Consensus) (name & date)

A
  • John WIlliamson 1989 revisited the idea
  • created by: world bank, IMF, think tanks, bankers, the us policy community
  • fiscal discipline
  • reordering public expenditure priorities
  • tac reform
  • liberalizing interest rates
  • competitive exchange rates
  • trade liberalization
  • investment
  • privatization
  • deregulation

results in more suffering for underdeveloped countries
like neo neo liberalism

39
Q

Post-Washington Consensus (name & date)

A
  • Joesph Stieglitz
  • 2005
  • Washington Consensus policies as produced only limited growth even when growth did occur, it was NOT equitably shared
  • there is a need for equity and employment
  • a balance between the role of the government and the markets
40
Q

Human Development Approach (names)

A
  • Mahbub ul-Haq
  • Amartya Sen
  • utilized this conception of his own work on human capability
  • emphasis on the central importance of people’s rights and freedom
  • development depends on people’s enjoyment of freedom and participation
  • ENLARGE PEOPLES VOICES
41
Q

Human Development Approach Continued

A
  • not a capability an approach
  • all about fulfilling what people what to do, who they want to be, etc.

-**people must be able to decide freely who they want to be or how they want to be and what they want to do

42
Q

Human Development Index

A
  • HDI is about health, education, and income
  • indicators need to be relevant, internationally comparable, and available for many countries

neglected dimensions include gender, equity, sustainability

43
Q

Millennium development goals - MDGs

A

-set of goals created by people deciding we must create a policy for people in poverty
created in 2000
presented 8 goals

44
Q

17 sustainable development goals

A
  • evolved from the MDGs
  • set of goals for the world’s future, through 2030
  • negotiated over a two-year period at the UN
  • SDGs
45
Q

what is new about SDGs from MDGs

A
  • universality: goals apply to every nation and every sector
  • integration: recognized that the goals are all interconnected in a system (can’t achieve one goal without the others)
  • transformation: widely recognized that achieving these goals involves making very big, fundamental changes on how we live on earth
46
Q

the 8 MDGs

A
  • eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
  • achieve universal primary education
  • promote gender equality
  • reduce child mortality
  • improve maternal health
  • combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
  • ensure environmental stability/sustainability
  • develop a global partnership for development

DVM1100 (2 decks)

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