quiz 1

Question 1

By definition, infancy begins at:

Select one:

a. birth.
b. 1 month of age.
c. 12 months of age.
d. 18 months of age.

Answer 1

b. 1 month of age.

Question 2

By the age of 1 year, an infant’s tidal volume ranges from:

Select one:

a. 6 to 8 mL/kg.
b. 8 to 10 mL/kg.
c. 10 to 12 mL/kg.
d. 10 to 15 mL/kg.

Answer 2

d. 10 to 15 mL/kg.

Question 3

What is a “low normal” blood glucose level in a newborn?

Select one:

a. 30 mg/dL
b. 35 mg/dL
c. 40 mg/dL
d. 45 mg/dL

Answer 3

d. 45 mg/dL

Question 4

You may observe more abdominal expansion than chest expansion in a newborn because:

Select one:

a. their rib cages are more rigid than an adult’s.
b. their intercostal muscles are not innervated.
c. they rely mostly on their diaphragm to breathe.
d. their ribs are not fully attached to the sternum.

Answer 4

c. they rely mostly on their diaphragm to breathe.

Question 5

Barotrauma caused by bag-mask ventilation in an infant means that your ventilations:

Select one:

a. were too forceful.
b. caused gastric distention.
c. were too slow for the infant’s age.
d. did not produce visible chest rise.

Answer 5

a. were too forceful.

Question 6

For the first year of life, an infant has naturally acquired passive immunities because:

Select one:

a. vaccinations are given within the first year of life.
b. he or she receives antibodies through breastfeeding.
c. he or she is producing antibodies exponentially.
d. he or she maintains some of the mother’s immunities.

Answer 6

c. he or she maintains some of their mother’s immunities.

Question 7

The _________ reflex happens when an infant is startled and opens his or her arms wide.

Select one:

a. vagal
b. Moro
c. palmar
d. rooting

Answer 7

b. Moro

Question 8

An infant’s fontanelles are typically fused together by the age of:

Select one:

a. 12 months.
b. 18 months.
c. 24 months.
d. 36 months.

Answer 8

c. 24 months.

Question 9

An infant’s sleep pattern is developed through a combination of:

Select one:

a. respiratory and endocrine system development.
b. endocrine system development and parental efforts.
c. central nervous system development and parental efforts.
d. central nervous and endocrine system development.

Answer 9

c. central nervous system development and parental efforts.

Question 10

At 2 months of age, an infant should be able to:

Select one:

a. track objects with his or her eyes.
b. differentiate family from strangers.
c. respond when his or her name is called.
d. sit upright in a chair unassisted.

Answer 10

a. track objects with his or her eyes.

Question 11

In most infants, the primary method of communicating distress is:

Select one:

a. crying
b. incontinence.
c. tachypnea.
d. somnolence.

Answer 11

a. crying

Question 12

Anxious avoidant attachment is observed in infants who are repeatedly:

Select one:

a. hugged.
b. punished.
c. carried.
d. rejected.

Answer 12

d. rejected.

Question 13

In contrast to infants, toddlers:

Select one:

a. gain weight at a faster rate.
b. have a slower respiratory rate.
c. have a slightly higher pulse rate.
d. have a lower systolic blood pressure.

Answer 13

b. have a slower respiratory rate.

Question 14

Upper respiratory tract infections are more common in toddlers than in infants because:

Select one:

a. they put things in their mouths.
b. they do not produce antibodies.
c. of a loss of passive immunity.
d. they are exposed to other children.

Answer 14

c. of a loss of passive immunity.

Question 15

Teething is commonly accompanied by:

Select one:

a. a rash.
b. fever.
c. diarrhea.
d. ear infections.

Answer 15

b. fever.

Question 16

Basic language mastery typically occurs by what age?

Select one:

a. 18 months
b. 24 months
c. 36 months
d. 48 months

Answer 16

c. 36 months

Question 17

In conventional reasoning, school-age children:

Select one:

a. act almost purely to avoid punishment.
b. make decisions guided by their consciences.
c. act out so that they can get what they want.
d. seek approval from their peers and society.

Answer 17

d. seek approval from their peers and society.

Question 18

The pulse rate of a 16-year-old adolescent typically ranges between:

Select one:

a. 60 and 80 beats/min.
b. 60 and 100 beats/min.
c. 80 and 110 beats/min.
d. 90 and 120 beats/min

Answer 18

b. 60 and 100 beats/min.

Question 19

Which of the following psychosocial changes is common during adolescence?

Select one:

a. Openness in speaking about personal issues
b. Fixation on public image and fear of embarrassment
c. Decreased risk for depression or suicidal behavior
d. Code of ethics development based solely on parental values

Answer 19

b. Fixation on public image and fear of embarrassment

Question 20

Which of the following physical changes occurs in adults over 25 years of age?

Select one:

a. Settling of the disks in the spine
b. Hyperactivity of the reflexes
c. An increase in muscle strength
d. A decrease in the body’s fatty tissue

Answer 20

a. Settling of the disks in the spine

Question 21

The decline in cardiac function associated with aging is largely related to:

Select one:

a. hypotension.
b. bradycardia.
c. atherosclerosis.
d. rheumatic heart disease.

Answer 21

c. atherosclerosis.

Question 22

As a result of the increase in diastolic blood pressure associated with aging:

Select one:

a. the heart valves become stiff and impede blood flow through the heart.
b. the left ventricle works harder, becomes thicker, and loses its elasticity.
c. cardiac output progressively increases secondary to decreased afterload.
d. the ventricles overfill with blood, resulting in chronic congestive heart failure.

Answer 22

b. the left ventricle works harder, becomes thicker, and loses its elasticity.

Question 23

Vascular compensation for changes in blood pressure decreases with age due to:

Select one:

a. a 60% to 70% decrease in sympathetic nervous system stimulation and catecholamine release.
b. a marked reduction in renal function with increased sodium reabsorption in the renal tubules.
c. left ventricular hypertrophy and the subsequent decrease in cardiac output that it causes.
d. reduced elasticity of the peripheral vessels secondary to decreases in elastin and collagen.

Answer 23

d. reduced elasticity of the peripheral vessels secondary to decreases in elastin and collagen.

Question 24

In late adults, the size of the airway __________ and the surface area of the alveoli ___________.

Select one:

a. increases, decreases
b. decreases, decreases
c. decreases, increases
d. increases, increases

Answer 24

a. increases, decreases

Question 25

Relative to younger adults, older adults generally have a harder time breathing because the:

Select one:

a. natural elasticity of the lungs decreases.
b. diaphragm ascends much higher into the thorax.
c. rib cage becomes flexible due to hypocalcemia.
d. phrenic nerves send fewer signals to the diaphragm.

Answer 25

a. natural elasticity of the lungs decreases.