Quiz 1 Flashcards
MP Class 1
full view of uvula and tonsillar pillars, soft palate.
MP Class 2
partial view of uvula or uvular base, partial view of tonsils, soft palate
MP Class 3
soft palate only
MP Class 4
hard palate only
Larynx Location
Adult-located anterior to 3rd-6th cervical vertebra.
At birth: level at C3-4
A-O extension: normally 35 degrees
Nerve innervation- cricothyroid
Tensor of VC (Extensor SLN)
Superior Laryngeal Nerve
- Internal SLN provides sensation to supraglottic & ventricle compartment, STIMULATION CAUSES LARYNGOSPASM
- External SLN provides motor innervation of cricothyroid muscle
Epiglottis
- Flap-like structure
- Positioned upright to allow air passage during inspiration
Vallecula
Space anterior to the epiglottis at root of tongue
Pressure on hyoepiglottic ligament lifts epiglottis during laryngoscopy
Abduction of Vocal Cords
Move apart Passive resting position Abduct during inspiration Posterior Cricoarytenoid only abductor muscle RLN stimulation opens VF
Adduction of Vocal Cords
Adduction = Move together
Intrinsic muscles close & tense the vocal folds
RLN responsible for adduction of VF
SLN tenses the VF via the Cricothyroid muscle
Sellick’s Maneuver
Pressure on the cricoid applied posteriorly closes the Esophagus
Prevents gastric regurgitation into trachea. Use during RSI, trauma, full stomach, GERD, obesity, pregnancy, gastroparesis (DM), SBO, pyloric stenosis, etc…
Aligns glottic opening during intubation
Prevents ventilation of air into stomach
Carina
carina (level T5-7) divides into 2 bronchi @ 25cm from teeth
Conducting Airways
do not participate in gas exchange, ventilation but no perfusion.
30% of each normal breath remains in airway (150ml/700ml breath
Simple Diffusion
Simple diffusion allows gaseous exchange between airspace & pulmonary capillaries
Gas Exchange segment- Acinus
Respiratory bronchiole
alveolar ducts & sacs
alveoli
Alveoli: Type I Pneumocyte
PC I covers 95% of alveolar wall
Squamous epithelial cell
Flat thin cells designed to increase alveolar surface area
Alveoli: Type II Pneumocyte
PC II secretes Surfactant
Surfactant (surface-active material)
Mix of proteins, phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine)& ions
Mixes with water molecules and decreases the cohesiveness thus diminishing the surface tension of alveolar fluid which reduces the force necessary to inflate the alveoli and facilitates breathing
Prevents alveolar collapse during expiration, important in neonate
