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CD 661 Voice Disorders > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Stylohyoid muscle function

A

Draw hyoid up and back to potentially elevate the larynx

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2
Q

Digastric muscle: anterior belly origin

A

Lowers border of the mandible

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3
Q

Basement membrane zone

A

Secures epithelium to Superior Lamina Propria.
Susceptible to injury due to vibration and shearing forces – creates NODULES NOT polyps.
Disease and injury damage connecting links between epithelium and this

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4
Q

Fibronectin

A

Scar formation found on BMZ and also in nodules

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5
Q

Mucous membrane

A

COVER

Consists of epithelium and superficial lamina propria like jello with plastic wrap

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6
Q

Vocal ligament

A

TRANSITION
Consists of Intermediate lamina propria (like a bundle of rubberbands) and Deep lamina propria (like a bundle of cotton threads)

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7
Q

Thyroarytenoid muscle

A

BODY

Vocalis + Muscularis

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8
Q

Vocal fold layers: Outermost

A

Epithelium: thin, stiff capsule; part of cover

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9
Q

Vocal fold layers: Second

A

Superficial lamina propria; Reinke’s space; part of cover

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10
Q

Vocal fold layers: Third

A

Intermediate lamina propria; part of transition

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11
Q

Digastric muscle: anterior belly insertion

A

Intermediate tendon

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12
Q

Digastric muscle: anterior belly function

A

Pulls hyoid anteriorly and superiorly to elevate the larynx; depresses jaw/mandible

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13
Q

Digastric muscle: posterior belly origin

A

Mastoid process

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14
Q

Digastric muscle: posterior belly insertion

A

Intermediate tendon

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15
Q

Digastric muscle: posterior belly function

A

Pulls hyoid anteriorly and superiorly to elevate the larynx; depresses jaw/mandible

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16
Q

Digastric muscle is a _______ suprahyoid muscle.

A

suprahyoid

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17
Q

Geniohyoid muscle origin

A

Mental spine/symphysis of mandible

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18
Q

Geniohyoid muscle insertion

A

Hyoid body

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19
Q

Geniohyoid is a _____ muscle

A

suprahyoid

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20
Q

Mylohyoid inferior origin

A

mylohyoid line on inner surface of mandible

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21
Q

Mylohyoid inferior insertion

A

Midline raphe

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22
Q

Mylohyoid is a _____ muscle

A

suprahyoid

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23
Q

Geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles’ functions

A

pull hyoid anterior and superiorly to potentially elevate larynx

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24
Q

Stylohyoid muscle origin

A

Stylohyoid process of temporal bone

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25
Q

Stylohyoid muscle insertion

A

body of hyoid bone

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26
Q

Stylohyoid muscle runs laterally to

A

posterior belly of digastric muscle

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27
Q

Stylohyoid is a _____ muscle

A

suprahyoid

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28
Q

Omohyoid muscle (inferior belly) origin

A

Scapula

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29
Q

Omohyoid muscle (inferior belly) insertion

A

Intermediate tendon

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30
Q

Omohyoid muscle (superior belly) origin

A

Intermediate tendon

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31
Q

Omohyoid muscle (superior belly) insertion

A

Greater horn of hyoid

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32
Q

Omohyoid muscles’ functions

A

Pull hyoid down and back to potentially lower/depress the larynx

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33
Q

Omohyoid muscles are _________ muscles

A

infrahyoid

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34
Q

Sternohyoid muscle

A

muscle that covers the ventral surface of throat

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35
Q

Sternohyoid muscle origin

A

manubrium of sternum and end of clavicle

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36
Q

Sternohyoid muscle insertion

A

lower border of hyoid bone

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37
Q

Sternohyoid muscle function

A

Pull hyoid bone down and lowers larynx

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38
Q

Sternohyoid is a ____________ muscle

A

infrahyoid

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39
Q

Sternothyroid muscle origin

A

posterior surface of manubrium and first costal cartilage

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40
Q

Sternothyroid muscle insertion

A

oblique line of thyroid cartilage

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41
Q

Sternothyroid muscle function

A

depresses thyroid cartilage and lowers larynx

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42
Q

Thyrohyoid muscle origin

A

oblique line of thyroid cartilage

43
Q

Thyrohyoid muscle insertion

A

hyoid bone

44
Q

Thyrohyoid muscle function

A

Elevates larynx OR depresses hyoid

45
Q

Sternohyoid and thyrohyoid are ____________ muscles

A

infrahyoid

46
Q

Intrinsic laryngeal muscle group origin and insertion are on the

47
Q

Intrinsic laryngeal muscle group includes:

A 
Posterior cricoarytenoids
Lateral cricoarytenoids
Arytenoids: transverse and oblique
Cricothyroids
Thyroarytenoids
48
Q

Posterior Cricoarytenoid (PCA) origin

A

posterior surface of cricoid cartilage (lamina)

49
Q

PCA insertion

A

muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

50
Q

PCA function

A

ONLY abductor of the vocal folds

rocks AC back thus rotating vocal processes away from the midline

51
Q

PCA innervation

A

Recurrent Laryngeal branch of CN X

52
Q

Lateral Cricoarytenoid (LCA) origin

A

upper border and anterolateral arch of cricoid

53
Q

Lateral Cricoarytenoid (LCA) insertion

A

muscular process of arytenoids

54
Q

Lateral Cricoarytenoid (LCA) function

A

ADDUCTS vocal processes and adducts membranous portions of vocal folds

55
Q

Lateral Cricoarytenoid (LCA) innervation

A

RLN of CN X

56
Q

Interarytenoids (IAs) Oblique Origin

A

posterior part of the muscular process of AC

57
Q

Interarytenoids (IAs) Oblique Insertion

A

Courses up and across to apex of opposite arytenoid

58
Q

Interarytenoids (IAs) Transverse Origin

A

Lateral-posterior aspect of AC

59
Q

Interarytenoids (IAs) Transverse Insertion

A

Courses across to opposite AC

60
Q

Interarytenoids (IAs) Function

A

Adducts arytenoid cartilages and thus, cartilaginous glottis (posterior glottis)

61
Q

Cricothyroid muscle (CT) pars oblique Origin

A

Anterolateral arch of cricoid

62
Q

Cricothyroid muscle (CT) pars oblique Insertion

A

Inferior horn of thyroid

63
Q

Cricothyroid muscle (CT) pars recta Origin

A

Anterolateral arch of cricoid

64
Q

Cricothyroid muscle (CT) pars recta Insertion

A

Courses vertically to lower margin of thyroid

65
Q

Cricothyroid muscle (CT) functions

A

Decreases distance between thyroid and cricoid cartilages
Increases distance between thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
Lengthens VFs which increases longitudinal tension of folds = increase in pitch

66
Q

Cricothyroid muscle (CT) innervation

A

Superior laryngeal nerve

67
Q

Thyroarytenoid Muscle (TA): Vocalis and Muscularis Origin

A

Deep surface of thyroid angle

68
Q

Thyroarytenoid Muscle (TA): Vocalis and Muscularis Insertion

A

Lateral/inferior aspect of vocal processes of arytenoids, some fibers attach to muscular process

69
Q

Thyroarytenoid Muscle (TA): Vocalis and Muscularis Functions

A 
Decrease distance between thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
Shortens vocal folds
Relaxes cover
Tenses body
Bulks VFs
Aids in adduction
Can increase or decrease pitch
70
Q

Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

A

It is in the Piriform Recess: it monitors sensations from the supraglottic larynx(on the final)

71
Q

What nerve pierces thyroid membrane?

A

Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

72
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the larynx above the vocal cords?

A

Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

73
Q

Is at risk for injury during thyroidectomy due to its proximity to the superior thyroid artery and vein.
This nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle, which tenses the vocal cords (loss may lead to hoarseness)
Sensory info from surface of inferior pharyngeal constrictors

A

External branch of superior laryngeal nerve

74
Q

RLN of Vagus Nerve (X)

A

Motor innervation to all intrinsic laryngeal muscles (except for CT)

Motor innervation to all intrinsic laryngeal muscles (except for CT)

75
Q

Right RLN loops around what?

A

subclavian artery then ascends along side the trachea

76
Q

Left RLN loops around what?

A

Left side of aortic branch then ascends along side trachea

77
Q

RLN enters larynx at inferior cornu of TC, which is the point of

A

articulation for TC & CC

78
Q

A continuous sheet of membrane, which connects the thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages

Funnel or cone-shaped cavity–hence the name

A

Conus Elasticus/Cricovocal Membrane

79
Q

The ____________________adduct the vocal processes and membranous vocal folds, while the ______________________adduct the cartilaginous or posterior glottis.

A

lateral cricoarytenoids ; interarytenoids

80
Q

The cricothyroid muscle is responsible for increases in frequency and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

81
Q

When the thyroarytenoid muscles contract they

A
  • shorten the vocal folds
  • increase medial compression by bulking the vocal folds
  • can increase or decrease frequency
82
Q

Changes in the composition of the___________can result in a decreased mucosal wave.

A

epithelium only

83
Q

The deep layer of the laminia propria is composed of mainly elastin fibers and interstitial fluids.

A

deep lamina propria ; thyroarytenoid muscle

84
Q

The superior laryngeal nerve is a branch of cranial nerve ___and provides motor innervation to _______and carries sensory information from the ______________________.

A

CN X ; the cricothyroid ; supraglottic area

85
Q

The geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles are ____________ and function to ______ the hyoid and larynx.

A

suprahyoid muscles ; elevate

86
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates _________. Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve is more common on the ______side.

A

all laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid ; left

87
Q

The _________ and _________ muscles have their insertions on the _________ of the ________ cartilage.

A

posterior cricoarytenoid and lateral cricoarytenoid ; muscular processes ; arytenoid

88
Q

True or False? Elastic recoil plays an important role in vocal fold closure during vibration.

89
Q

The aerodynamic force that is responsible for opening the vocal folds is _______, while the aerodynamic force which
helps to close the vocal folds is __________ that results from the __________.

A

subglottal pressure ; negative pressue ; Bernoulli Effect

90
Q

The Body - Cover Model of Frequency Control states that during high intensity phonation contraction of the TA muscle

A

will increase pitch as long as the cricothyroid muscle is not at maximum activity

91
Q

Fundamental frequency of vocal fold vibration depends on

A

vocal fold length, mass, and elasticity

92
Q

The convergent glottal shape occurs when the vocal folds are _____ and the net tissue velocity (i.e. movement) is ________.

A

opening ; outward

93
Q

In the One Mass Model (Vocal Tract Inertance) of vocal fold vibration, sustained phonation is driven by

A

alternating positive and negative supraglottic and transglottic (intraglottic) pressures

94
Q

A vocal register is

A

a series of pitches perceived to be of the same timbre or quality
a series of pitches produced in the same physiological manner

95
Q

Vocal quality (i.e. roughness, breathiness etc.) is determined by

A

degree of glottic closure and periodicity of VF vibration

96
Q

True or false? The mucosal wave is an apparent sliding motion of the vocal fold cover over the vocal fold body.

97
Q

In order to produce high vocal intensity (loud phonation)

A
  • the vocal folds must adduct completely
  • the closed phase of vibration must be longer than the open phase
  • respiratory drive must be adequate and subglottal pressure relatively high
  • the vocal folds must close rapidly
98
Q

Organic Voice Disorders: Name the diseases.

A
  1. Contact ulcers & Granulomas
  2. Infectious laryngitis
  3. Gastroesophageal reflux and
    laryngealpharyngeal reflux
  4. Vocal fold papilloma
  5. Candida
  6. Leukoplakia and Hyperkeratosis
  7. Sulcus Vocalis
  8. Laryngeal Cancer
99
Q

Organic Voice Disorders: Name congenital and trauma

A
  1. Laryngeal web
  2. Laryngeal Cleft
  3. Subglottic stenosis
  4. Laryngomalacia
  5. CA joint Ankylosis
100
Q

Contact Ulcers and Granulomas: What are the 3 typical causes?

A
  1. GERD or LPR
    1. Phonotrauma
    2. Intubation trauma
101
Q

Which disease?

  • Form on the medial aspect of the posterior third of the vocal folds (cartilaginous portion)
  • Granulomas are comprised of lymphocytes and fibrotic connective tissue
  • Usually unilateral but can be bilateral
  • Variable glottic closure – complete to incomplete
  • Mucosal wave may be decreased
A

Contact Ulcers and Granulomas

102
Q

This is a description of what disease?
Excessive medial compression of posterior glottis during low pitched phonation, hard glottal attacks, increased loudness, throat clearing and coughing

A

Phonotrauma

103
Q

This is a description of what disease?
Affects of stomach acid and enzymes on VF tissue. Signs are heartburn, chronic hoarseness worse in a.m., nocturnal coughing, excessive mucous, belching, sour/acid taste, burning in throat

104
Q

This is a description of what disease?

Trauma to VFs from prolonged intubation due to endotracheal tube rubbing VFs

A

Intubation

CD 661 Voice Disorders (2 decks)

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