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Paramedic Drug Profiles > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Insulin
Brand Name
Dose and Administration

A

Brand Name—Humalog, Humulin, Novalog, Novolin, Lantus

Dose and Administration— Dose adjusted relative to blood glucose levels.
Adult dose-10-25 units SC/IM followed by infusion of 0.1 units kg/hr
Pedi dose-0.1-0.2 units/kg/hr SC/IM/IV

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2
Q

Insulin
Drug Class
Precautions

A

Drug class—Hormone, Antidiabetic

Precautions—Incompatible in solution with any other drugs ETOH and salicylates may potentiate effects of insulin

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3
Q

Insulin
Indications
Adverse Effects

A

Indications—Not in use in emergency pre-hospital setting. Diabetic ketoacidosis or other hyperglycemic state, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma, hyperkalemia

Adverse Effects—Weakness, fatigue, confusion, headache, seizure, coma, tachycardia, nausea, hypokalemia, hypoglycemic effects of insulin. Alcohol and salicylates may potentiate effects of insulin

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4
Q

Insulin
Mechanism of Action
Contraindications

A

Mechanism of Action—Allows for glucose transport into cells, Glycogenesis and conversion of glycogen to Fat. Produces an intracellular shift of K+,Mg+ and Ca+

Contraindication— Hypoglycemia, Hypokalemia

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5
Q

Epinephrine 1:10,000 & 1:1,000
Brand Name
Dose and Administration

A

Brand Name—Adrenalin

Dose and Administration—

  • Allergic reaction and Asthma: 0.3-0.5 mg IM/SC 1:1,000
  • Cardiac Arrest Adult: 1 mg 1:10,000 IV/IO q 3-5 mins
  • Bradycardia: 2-10 micrograms/minutes infusion
  • Pedi Allergic reaction: 0.01 mg/kg of 1:1,000 IM/SC Max of 0.3 mg
  • Pedi Cardiac Arrest: 0.01 mg/kg of 1:10,000 q 3-5 mins max single dose of 1 mg
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6
Q

Epinephrine 1:10,000 & 1:1,000
Drug Class
Precautions

A

Drug Class—Sympathomimetic

Precautions—Inactivated by exposure to sunlight and alkaline solutions. MAOI’s may potentiate effects. Beta blockers will blunt effects

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7
Q

Epinephrine 1:10,000 & 1:1,00
Indications
Adverse Effects

A

Indications—Cardiac arrest, Symptomatic bradycardia refractory to atropine and pacing, severe hypotension secondary to bradycardia and pacing, allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, asthma

Adverse Effects—Nervousness, restlessness, headache, tremor, pulmonary edema, dysrhythmias, chest pain, hypertension, tachycardia, N/V, anxiety

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8
Q

Epinephrine 1:10,000 & 1:1,000
Mechanism of Action
Contraindications

A

Mechanism of Action— Alpha and Beta agonist (some alpha, more beta) Beta 1= + intropic, chronotropic, dromotropic effects. Beta 2= Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

Contraindications—Hypertension, Hypothermia, Pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, hypovolemic shock

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9
Q

Activated Charcoal
Brand Name
Dose & Administration

A

Brand Name—EZ Char, Actidose, Liqui-Char

Dose & Administration— 1 to 2 grams/kg p.o.

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10
Q

Activated Charcoal
Drug Class
Precautions

A

Drug Class—Adsorbent

Precautions— Caution with simultaneous administration with other drugs. Caution in suspected bowel obstruction.

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11
Q

Activated Charcoal
Indications
Adverse Effects

A

Indications—Oral poisoning and medication overdoses. Usually within 1 hour of ingestion, best used after poisons have been evacuated from the stomach.

Adverse Effects— Aspiration can cause fatal pneumonitis, can also cause black stools, diarrhea, vomiting and bowel obstruction

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12
Q

Activated Charcoal
Mechanism of Action
Contraindications

A

Mechanism of Action—Binds (adsorbs) toxic substances and prevents them from being absorbed by the GI tract

Contraindications—Altered LOC(aspiration risk) ingestion of corrosives, caustics, or petroleum products. Abdominal pain (caution)

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13
Q

Naloxone
Brand Name
Dose & Administration

A

Brand Name—Narcan

Dose & Administration—

  • Adult dose: 0.4-2 mg SIVP/IM/OI/SQ/ET/IN. Repeat at 5 minutes intervals to maximum total dose of 10mg
  • Pedi dose: 0.1 mg/kg IV/IO/IM/SQ every 2 minutes as needed. Max total dose of 2 mg
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14
Q

Naloxone
Drug Class
Precautions

A

Drug Class—Opioid Antagonist, Antidote

Precautions—Incompatible with alkaline solutions, acute withdraw syndrome may result in combative patient

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15
Q

Naloxone
Indications
Adverse Effects

A

Indications—Opiate overdose, complete or partial reversal of central nervous system and respiratory depression induced by opioids, decreased LOC, coma of unknown origin.

Adverse Effects—Restlessness, seizure, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, tachycardia, hypertension, dysrhythmias, cardia arrest, NV, withdrawal symptoms in opioid-addicted patients, diaphoresis

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16
Q

Naloxone
Mechanism of Action
Contraindications

A

Mechanism of Action—Competitive inhibition at narcotic receptor site. Reverse respiratory depression secondary to opiate drugs. Completely inhibits the effect of morphine

Contraindications—Use with caution in narcotic-dependent patients. Use with caution in neonates of narcotic-addicted mothers.

17
Q

Dextrose
Brand Name
Dose & Administration

A

Brand Name—D50

Dose & Administration—
Adult: 12.5-25 g of 50% solution SIVP. May be repeated as necessary.
Pedi: 1 year or older- 0.5-1 g/kg of a 25% solution SIVP. May be repeated as necessary.
Neonate & Infants: See chart

18
Q

Dextrose
Drug Class
Precautions

A

Drug Class—Carbohydrate, Antihypoglycemic

Precautions—Hypertonic solution will cause tissue necrosis if infiltration of the IV occurs

19
Q

Dextrose
Indications
Adverse Effects

A

Indications—Hypoglycemia, altered LOC, coma of unknown origin, status epilepticus

Adverse Effects—Extravasation leads to tissue necrosis, pain and burning from IV infusion, hyperglycemia

20
Q

Dextrose
Mechanism of Action
Contraindications

A

Mechanism of Action—Rapidly increases serum glucose levels. Short-term osmotic diuresis

Contraindications—Intracranial hemorrhage, hyperglycemia

21
Q

Glucagon
Brand Name
Dose & Administration

A

Brand Name—Glucagen

Dose & Administration—

  • Adult: 1.0 mg IM, may be repeated in 10 minutes
  • Ca & Beta blocker OD: 3-10 mg slow IVP followed by 3-10 mg/hour infusion
  • Pedi hypoglycemia: 0.03-0.1 mg/kg IM/IO/SQ/SIVP may be repeated in 20 minutes
  • Pedi Ca & Beta Blockers: 0.05-0.15 mg/kg IV/IO over 3-5 minutes, followed by a 0.05-0.10 mg/kg/h infusion as necessary
22
Q

Glucagon
Drug Class
Precautions

A

Drug Class—Hormone

Precautions—Not effective if patient does not have any stored glycogen

23
Q

Glucagon
Indications
Adverse Effects

A

Indications—Altered LOC with hypoglycemia, reversal agent in beta blocker and calcium channel blocker overdoses

Adverse Effects—Dizziness, headache, hypertension, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, rebound hypoglycemia

24
Q

Glucagon
Mechanism of Action
Contraindications

A

Mechanism of Action—Increases blood glucose level by stimulating glycogeualysis. Unknown mechanism of stabilizing cardiac rhythm in beta blocker overdose. Decrease gastric motility and secretions

Contraindications— Hypersensitivity, Hyperglycemia

Paramedic Drug Profiles (1 decks)

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