Quiz 1 Flashcards
{Ages & states of development}
{Ages & states of development}
Young infants
Birth - 9 months
Mobile infants
8-18 months
Toddlers
16 months - 36 months (3 yrs)
Preschool
3-5 yrs
Kindergarten
5-6 yrs
Primary
6-8 yrs (1st-3rd grade)
Physical development
Gross motor (large muscle movement)
Fine motor (small muscle movement)
Social/emotional
Interactions, bonds, friends, sharing, feelings
Language/literacy
Expressive language: oral (talking)
Receptive language: hearing/understanding
Cognitive development
Brain: thinking skills
Importance of play
Importance of play
What is play?
Way children learn/interact with the world, make sense of things, should be appropriate for age, more motivation
Importance of play?
- learn social skills
- learn language
- active learners
Why is play necessary?
Necessary for healthy development, develops language, cognition and social skills skills
What does play provide?
Provides skills due to repetition and Interaction, develops gross/fine motor skills and levels
Adults role in play
Ask questions, facilitate peer interaction, play along, observe, respect, don’t over stay
Observation
Observation
What makes a good observation?
Accurate, focused, clarity, details, objective
What is observation?
Method of gathering info by systematically watching and noting what children do or say, these notes are dated and describe objectively the behavior observed
How to observe
Only facts, record every detail only what you see and hear, omit nothing, use action words (verbs), no interruption, use descriptive words, don’t judge
Types of observation
Types of observation
Anecdotal records
Descriptive narratives, recorded after the behavior occurs
Running records
Recorded while behavior is occurring
ABC analysis
Identifying antecedents
Reflective log
Record the most significant happenings
Case study
Collecting and analyzing info
Event sampling
Observe records specific kinds of behaviors
Important names
Important names
Skinner
“Behavioral modification” can be changed/modified by manipulating the environment, dealt with reinforcement, behavior, reward system
Vygotsky
Originator of sociocultural theory. Zone of proximal developing, intersubjectivity, scaffolding
Piaget
Claimed children construct new knowledge by applying current knowledge structures to new experiences, Children are good at adapting to environment, he called cognitive structures “schemata” everyone comes with schemata and as they grow, they create
Bronfenbrenner
The ecological theory, Children’s development within the context of 5 environmental systems, development is the result of the relationships between people and their environment
Maslow
Everyone has the same basic needs, these basic needs must be met before higher level needs can be satisfied. Hierarchy of needs:
Self-actualization, esteem, Love, safety, physiological
Gardner
You’re smart in different ways. 9 intelligences:
Linguistic, logical mathematical, visual spatial, musical, body kinesthetic, interpersonal, naturalistic, existential
Erikson
Theory which spans childhood and adulthood, focuses on specific social tasks, eight stages, conflict was healthy and resulted in personal growth
