Quiz 1 Flashcards
What are the 5 principles of movement science?
Tissue source Pathomechanics (abnormal body mechanics) Tissue Stretch Impairments (what is causing the pathomechanical movement) Education
Examples of Tissue stress: Disc? Joints? Muscle?
Disc- Compression
Joints- shearing
Muscle- tensile
_ is the study of the response of the biological systems to mechanical forces.
Biomechanics
What is the equation for force? Common example that affects movement?
Force = Mass X acceleration
Common example: ground reaction force
_ is a physical force exerted on a body part
STRESS
_ _ are forces acting on a body part that are attempting to stretch the body part.
TENSILE STRESS are forces . . .
When tissues/ muscles are in a _ position the tensile strength is increased.
When tissues/ muscles are in a LENGTHENED position the tensile . . .
_ _ is a force acting on a body parallel to that body part.
SHEARING FORCE is a force acting . . .
A _ _ is a force acting on the body that is perpendicular to the body part.
A COMPRESSIVE FORCE is a force . . .
Equation for pressure?
Pressure = force/ area
Equation for power? Work?
Power= work/ time
Work = force X distance
_ occurs due to cumulative stresses, due to _ movements, over a _ period of _.
PAIN occurs due to cumulative stresses, due to REPETITIVE movements, over a PROLONGED period of TIME.
_ _ helps reduce patient anxiety and stress.
PATIENT EDUCATION
Compression of the patella into the femur occurs due to _ in the _ and _ _. Causes? Due to?
Compression occurs due to TIGHTNESS in the QUADS and PATELLAR TENDON.
Causes ANTERIOR KNEE PAIN
Due to QUAD DOMINANT STRATEGY
How can you help train patient to use a hip dominant versus quad dominant strategy with squats?
By restricting/ blocking movement of the knee so it cannot go past the toes
When the knee is allowed to move past the toes in a squat (quad dominant pattern) which joint sees the greatest increase in torque placed up on it?
Hips
The amount of torque placed on the knee _ with a hip strategy. With a quad dominant strategy?
Amount of torque placed on the knee DECREASES with a hip strategy.
INCREASES with a quad dominant strategy
What is the 3 things you should look at when observing posture?
1- Lumbar spine (sway back, flat back, lordosis, kyphosis)
2-Pelvis (posterior versus anterior tilt)
3- Plumb line between ear- shoulder- hip (should be aligned)
Patients with excessive lordosis don’t like to? Reduced lordosis?
Excessive- don’t like to stand for a prolonged period
Reduced- don’t like to sit for a prolonged period
What are 3 things you should look at when viewing posture from a posterior view?
Muscle bulk (see if it is even bilaterally)
Arm window crease (should be roughly the same bilaterally)
Creases in skin (if you see a large crease patient may prefer to bend/ move more from that area)
3 things to look at when assessing sitting posture from a Sagittal view?
- Hip flexion (look at GT to ASIS)
- Pelvic position (posterior vs. anterior tilt)
- Position of lumbar spine
_ _ anterior tilt is considered normal. - _of hip flexion is considered to be normal in sitting, if less than _ _ they are?
10 DEGREE anterior tilt is considered normal (standing)
100-110 DEGREES of hip flexion is considered to be normal in sitting, if less than 90 DEGREES they are going to compensate with flexion in the lumbar or thoracic spine.
When bending over to pick something off of the floor, what is considered a normal range of trunk flexion?
Normal 30-40 DEGREES of trunk flexion
Glut/ Hip progression- Level 0: _ _ and _ _ activation, and then _ and _ _.
UPPER ABDOMINAL and LOWER ABDOMINAL activation, and then FULL and SIDE PLANK.
What is the overall goal for the Level 0?
Need to be able to feel the correct muscles working
Glut/ Hip progression- level 1 (_, _ _): _, side lying _ _, and _ _.
Level 1 (OKC, SINGLE LIMB):
- CLAMS
- side lying HIP ABDUCTION
- FIRE HYDRANTS
_/ _ contraction helps increase recruitment of muscle fibers.
ACTIVATION/ ISOMETRIC contraction helps . . .
In the Hip/ glut progression patients should begin at?
Should begin at whichever level they cannot perform, and then start at the level before that
What is the ‘ideal’ dosage for the Level 1 glut/ hip progression exercises? How should you end the session?
Hold 1 MINUTE, for 3 SETS, with THERABAND (increase as strength increases)
Break in between (break should the same amount of time as the hold)
You should end the session by setting goal that you expect the client to be able to achieve by next meeting
Glut/ Hip progression- Level 2 (_, _ _): _, and _ _.
Level 2 (CKC, DOUBLE LIMB):
- SQUATS
- SURFER SQUATS
What can you add to Level 2 exercises to increase glut activation? How should you determine the best stance for your patient to assume for squats?
You can add THERABANDS to increase glut activation
Best stance: can determine by using QUADRUPED ROCKING test, and determine which position allows the patient to have the most hip flexion ROM.
Describe surfer squats.
Perform general squat
-rotate one leg externally, 45 degrees
(Pelvis should remain level, split the difference between rotated and leg and non rotated leg with trunk)
What is the dosage for squats? Surfer squats?
Squats- ONE MINUTE with good form, 3 SETS
Surfer squats- HOLD FOR ONE MINUTE, BOTH LEGS, 3 SETS
Hip/ Glut progression Level 3(_, _ _)- _ _ _ _. What is the ideal position? (4)
Level 3 (SINGLE LIMB- standing, OKC)- SINGLE LEG FIRE HYDRANTS
Ideal position: mini squat, with 45 DEGREES of ABDUCTION, EXTENSION, AND ER
Quad/ Glut progression Level 4 (_ _, _ limb)- _ and _ _. How does this level differ from prior levels?
Level 4 (DYNAMIC STRENGTHENING, DOUBLE limb)- SQUATS and MONSTER WALKS.
This level is different from prior levels in that there is now movement, not just isometric hold.
What is the dosage for the Level 4 Squat exercises?
Look for failure/ fatigue (either loss of form, or patient gets tired)
- use that # for reps per set, 3 sets (will be individual to patient)
- reps may vary depending upon leg, band color used, and exercise
What is the dosage for level 4 monster walks? AKA? (2)
Mark the distance that patient achieved while still maintaining good form, use that # as basis for reps.
Hip and Glut progression Level 5 (_ _, _ limb): _ _, _ _ and _ _.
Level 5 (DYNAMIC STRENGTHENING, SINGLE limb)
- DROP LUNGE (single leg squat with to touch behind)
- STEP UPS
- STEP DOWNS
Hip and glut progression Level 6 (_ limb _): _ _
Level 6 (DOUBLE limb PLYOMETRICS): DROP JUMPS (two legs)
Glut and Hip progression Level 7 (_ limb _): _ _
Level 7 (SINGLE limb PLYOMETRICS): BOX JUMPS (one legged)
What is the overall goal for a glut/ hip progression? How long will the progression take?
Overall goal: DEVELOP A 45 MINUTE HEP
How long will it take? DEPENDS ON PATIENT, AND WHAT THEY NEED TO BE ABLE TO DO
With Levels 1-3: exercises should be performed? How long should each level take to progress? What if they don’t?
Should be performed: DAILY, FOR 45 MINUTES
How long to progress: APPROXIMATELY 1 WEEK PER ACTIVATION PHASE
If patient can not handle a 45 minute HEP, or does not have time- meet them where they can (ex. 15 minutes) and build
-MAY NEED TO SPREAD OUT VISITS IN ORDER TO REACH DOSAGE GOALS
With levels 4-5: exercise program (45 min) should be performed? Exercises from previous levels should be?
Level 4-5 exercises: should be performed EVERY OTHER DAY
Exercises from previous levels (1-3), should be USED AS A WARM UP
With levels 6-7: Exercises should be performed for 45 min, _ _ per _. With these levels you should not _ _ _, run the risk of _.
Exercises should be performed for 45 minutes, 2/3 TIMES PER WEEK
With these levels you should not EXERCISE TO FATIGUE, run the risk of INJURY
What is the best posture?
One that changes
What are 2 common pathomechanical patterns seen with gait?
Frontal and transverse plane mechanics
