Quiz 1 Flashcards
Cognitive skills
Perception, attention, memory, orientation, knowledge representation, problem solving, language
Types of congenital disabilities
Intellectual, learning, ADHD, ASD
Acquired Disabilities
Dementia, TBI, CVA
5 content areas for technology assistance
Quality, casual patterns, space, quantity, time
Most common device to aid memory
Record voice information as short memos
Other devices to aid memory besides voice memos?
Word completion/prediction in written communication, medication reminders, specialized memory aids
Organized patterns of behavior that are characteristic and expected of an individual or a given position within a social system
Social participation
Functions of communication
Give information, receive information, describe events, persuade partner, indicate desire for further communication, entertainment, interaction
The support of language through means other than the traditional mode, technologies that provide a means for written and spoken communication
Augmentative and alternative communication
Augmentative and alternative communication may contain what?
Sign language, communication broads, electronic and computer technology
AAC low technology
Gestures, sign language, alphabet boards, communication notebooks, language boards, eye gaze boards
AAC High technology
Simple electronic, complex multi-level systems
2 types of AAC systems
dedicated, non-dedicated
Type of AAC system that serves one purpose which is the production of verbal speech
dedicated aac system
Type of AAC system that has computer based programs to use same system for multiple applications, word processing, environmental control, written commmunication
Non-dedicated AAC system
2 types of speech
digitized, synthetic
Recorded natural speech, amount available dependent upon system capacity, more acceptable for younger learners
Digitized speech
Artificially generated speech, multiple voices, amount available dependent upon system capacity
Synthetic speech
2 types of selection
Direct selection, scanning modalities
User points to selection and applies pressure to activate a single space or key
Direct selection
User can make a selection with a switch as the system scans choices
Scanning Modalities
2 types of selection sets
Iconic, graphic
Picture based symbol system, can be used with preliterate communicators
Iconic selection set
User typed text that is synthetically voiced, user must have some level or reading and spelling
Graphic selection set
Access may be
direct, such as _______________, or indirect, such as ___________________
buttons on a speech-generating device or a computer keyboard
switches, joysticks, mice, or voice
efficiency is measured in terms of ______________
speed, accuracy, and effort
Factors to be considered when determining optimal location for a switch.
Positioning, switch activation with a small movement, switch activation by a volitional movement, switch activation by an isolated movement, controlled activation, sustained contact, controlled release
Hierarchy of switch locations
Hands, head, mouth, feed, other LE locations, other UE locations, mind
A flat surface that is depressed to activate the switch
Plate
A flat surface that is depressed to activate the switch; requires less pressure than the Plate switch.
Light touch plate
This switch is bent in any direction to activate
Lever
A change in air pressure activates the switch. This may
be a sip or puff. Some of these are dual switches
Pneumatic
Tipping the switch allows a drop of mercury to make contact, make the connection, and activate the switch
Mercury
This is activated by a body part coming within an
adjustable range. Inanimate objects will not activate
capacity switches
Proximity (capacity)
An object that enters the beam of light activates the
switch by reflecting the beam back. This switch is
designed for very small movements.
Fiber-optic (visible light)
Breaking the beam of light activates the switch. This
switch is designed for larger movements
Infrared (invisible light)
The skin is conductive and completes the circuit to activate the switch.
Touch
This switch picks up electrical impulses from the muscle (small movements), which activates the switch. This type of switch requires careful placement and frequent calibration.
Sensor
Breaking the beam of light activates the switch. This
switch is designed for larger movements.
Photcell/photoelectric (visible light)
Increased sound volume activates the switch
Sound activated
This switch is activated by vibration, such as small
movements and even the force of one’s breath.
Piezo Electric Film (detects vibration)
Breaking the beam of light activates the switch. This
switch is designed for larger movements.
Ultrasonic (invisible light)
This switch is activated by a combination of muscle movement and EEG readings, or just EEG readings. It is worn on the forehead.
Mind switch (bioelectrical)
7 principles of universal design
equitable use, flexibility, in use, simple and intuitive use, perceptible information, tolerance for error, low physical effort, size and space for approach and use
The design is useful and marketable to
people with diverse abilities.
Equitable use
The design accommodates a wide
range of individual preferences and
abilities.
Flexibility in use
Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user’s experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level.
Simple and intuitive use
The design communicates
necessary information effectively to the
user, regardless of ambient conditions
or the user’s sensory abilities.
Perceptible information
The design minimizes hazards and the
adverse consequences of accidental or
unintended actions.
Tolerance for error
The design can be used efficiently and
comfortably and with a minimum of
fatigue.
Low physical effort
Appropriate size and space is provided
for approach, reach, manipulation,
and use regardless of user’s body size,
posture, or mobility.
Size and space for approach and use
The keyboard appears on the screen and
can be accessed for typing through cursor
control (point and click) or through the
use of a touch screen display.
On-screen keyboard
Prevents keystrokes that occur in rapid
succession or keys that are depressed and
held for an extended time.
Filter keys
Keys that need to be depressed simultaneously for shortcut functions can be depressed in sequence and “stuck together” to allow single digit operation.
Sticky keys
Allows increased time to press and
remove finger from key; also filters out
unintentional keystrokes.
Slow keys
Mouse keys allow the client to control the
cursor with arrow keys or the numeric
keypad. The cursor’s rate of blinking, width,
and shape can be modified. The right and
left buttons on the mouse can be swapped.
The speed of double clicking can be altered.
Clicklock allows dragging functions without
holding down the mouse button.
Cursor options
