Quiz 1

Question 1

Reliability

Answer 1

Is the extent to which an experiment,test, or any measurements procedure yields the same result over & over

Question 2

Types of reliability: (3)

Answer 2

Inter-rate reliability : the degree of agreement between 2 or more

Test-retest: how much does your score stay the same when taken twice?

Internal consistency: how much do item on a surgery measure the same thing

Question 3

Validity

Answer 3

Is the extent to which a measurement instrument measure what is it suppose to ( how accurate )

Question 4

Types of validity

Answer 4

Face: do the items in the measurement instrument looks like they are measuring the construct
Content: to which the measurement instruments cover the entire range of meaning within a concepts

Question 5

Types of validity

Answer 5

Criterion related: degree to which a measurement intrusment relates to another measure of the same variable or a future outcome

Construct: the degree to which a measure relates to other variables characterizing the same theoretical construct & is different from unrelated ones

Question 6

What makes a good question?

Answer 6

• open & closed questions
• clear, simple
• culturally sensitive
• avoided doubled barreled questions
• avoid double negatives

Question 7

Questionnaire instructions ( quantitative )

Answer 7

• include clear instructions & introductory comments when appropriate
• spread out /uncluttered
• contingency questions
• readable language
• questionnaire length

Question 8

What is a scale ?

Answer 8

Variable may be too complex to be measured only one item, responses to individual items are summed to a scale score (1-5)

Question 9

Qualitative instruments

Answer 9

Informal, conversational interviews with unplanned, no pre determined list, flexible
Use neutral probes (silence /repeating words)
-

Question 10

Quantitative instrument

Answer 10

Objectivity, consistency, generalizability, test hypothese

Question 11

Survey modes

Answer 11

• self administered: mail, electronic

- interviews: face to face, phone

Question 12

Sampling frame

Answer 12

A list from which you can select your sample

Question 13

Probability sampling

Answer 13

Random sampling

• avoid biases
• more representative then not probability
• enables estimate to made of accuracy

Question 14

Systematic sampling 
( type of probability )

Answer 14

Every third

Question 15

Stratified random 
(Probability)

Answer 15

Strata - homogenous mutually exclusive groups within population
Groups you can create based on distinguishing characteristics of your population
Put into different boxes (age sex) before

Question 16

Cluster sampling

P

Answer 16

Naturally occurring groups ( high school classrooms & neighborhood )

Question 17

Multi stage cluster

P

Answer 17

Going through multiple steps to get your sample

Geography

Question 18

Convenience sample

NP

Answer 18

Convenient & readily avaible subject are included in the sample

Question 19

Snowball sampling (NP)

Answer 19

Existing study subject recurit their friends

Question 20

Judgement sampling (NP)

Answer 20

Chosen the sample base on who they think would be best

Question 21

Quota sampling (NP)

Answer 21

Divide sample into exclusive groups

Select from these groups using purposive non probability sampling

Question 22

Types of qualitative interviewing

Answer 22

Open ended interview ,informal conversational , & interview guide

Question 23

Informal conversational interviewing (qual)

Answer 23

Is an unplanned & unanticipated interaction between the two tha occur naturally

Question 24

Standard open ended interview (qual)

Answer 24

When resources limitations leave insufficient time to purses less structures strategies

Question 25

Interview guide | Qual

Answer 25

Is a qualitative measurement instrument that isn't in outline form the topics and issues that the interview should cover in the interview

Question 26

What is a probe ?

Answer 26

A technique for soliciting on a non directive & unbiased manner a more complete answer to the questiojn (Nodding, silence etc)

Question 27

Non response bias

Answer 27

Is the bias that result when respondent differ in meaningful way from non respondents

Question 28

Quasi designs

Answer 28

Designs that attempt to control for threats to internal validity & this permit casual interferences

Question 29

Randomization

Answer 29

A technique that uses procedures based on probability theory to assign research participated to expermatal & control groups

Question 30

Single case designs

Answer 30

Sample size is one,

Question 31

Non probability sampling

Answer 31

Subject are chose. To be part of the sample in non random ways