Quiz 1 Flashcards
As the speed of a fluid increases, pressure exerted by the fluid ______?
Decreases according to Bernoulli
Kinetic energy is different than potential energy in that kinetic energy is ______?
Energy in motion.
Potential energy is____?
Stored energy
Calculate the total pressure (Ptotal) if the gauge pressure (Pgauge) on an oxygen cylinder reads 10psi and atmospheric pressure (Patmosphere) is 14.7psi
24.7 psi
T/F: Kinetic energy is the energy an object has by virtue of being in motion.
True
T/F: A change in internal energy can be calculated from the head and work processes.
True
Pressure is the force/area. To increase pressure you need to______.
Decrease the area the force is applied AND increase the applied force.
T/F: A Bourdon gauge utilizes a coiled tube to measure the pressure of the gas in a cylinder and the atmospheric pressure.
FALSE:
It measures the DIFFERENCE between the pressure exerted by the gas in a cylinder and atmospheric pressure.
Mass is:
The amount of matter in an object.
The second law of thermodynamics states:
Thermal contact between two bodies transfers heat from hot to cold.
Viscosity is the property which determines:
Laminar flow
According to Pascal’s principle, what happens if you have a confined fluid at a given pressure, and an external pressure is applied?
The pressure is transmitted unchanged to every point with in the fluid.
(ex. arterial line)
Pressure=?
Pressure = Force/Area
Newton’s first law of motion:
An object at rest remains at rest until a force acts upon it.
The greater the mass of an object, the more force is required to move it.
T/F: Gases are in constant motion unless a force is applied.
True
Newton’s second law of motion:
Acceleration and force are vectors and the direction of the force vector is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector.
Force=Mass x Acceleration
Force=
Mass x Acceleration
Newton’s third law of motion:
for every action there is an equal and opposite action.
Define weight
the gravitational force exerted on an object
Speed=
Rate of motion, rate of change in position.
T/F: Speed is a vector value
False. Speed has magnitude, but no direction. Speed is a scaler value.
Velocity=
Velocity=displacement of position/time
Acceleration=
Acceleration is change in velocity/time
Vectors have both ______ and ______, and are _____.
Vectors have both magnitude AND direction, and are additive.
Atmospheric pressure = ______mmHg
760mmHg= 760 torr= 1 atm
Resistance= _____/_____
R= change in pressure/flow
Work = ____x____
Work= force x distance moved
w=Fs
Work is the expenditure of energy.
Units expressed in Joules.
Energy is the capacity for doing work. It cannot be _____, only ______.
Energy cannot be lost/distroyed, only converted/transformed.
Ex. Kinetic energy and potential energy.
Power is______.
Power is the rate of doing work
power is expressed in what units?
Watts
What are state functions?
Describe the state of something.
ex. volume, pressure, temperature.
Isochloric=
Constant volume
Isobaric=
Constant pressure
1 calorie (small c) is needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by ____ degrees celcius
1 degree
First law of thermodynamics states:
change in internal energy = energy transferred to object from a higher temperature + work done on object.
T/F: Heat is a process not a product.
True
Heat is energy which can be ______.
Transferred
Temperature is a measurement of ________.
the tendency to gain or loose heat.
T/F: an increase in heat will cause an object to expand.
True.
ex. Hot air balloon, increased movement of gas.
Kelvin is the standard of measurement for what?
Temperature.
The Kelvin scale starts where?
Absolute zero, or -273 Kelvin
Calorie is the unit of measurement for what?
Heat. 1 calorie (small c) is the heat required to raise 1g of water by 1 degree Celsius.
Place the mechanism of heat transfer in order from greatest to least.
Convection, Evaporation, Radiation, Conduction.
Radiation 40%
Convection 30%
Conduction 20%
Evaporation 10%
Internal energy of a system = ?
Kinetic energy + Potential energy
Endothermic=
Energy flowing into a system
Exothermic=
Energy flowing out of a system
Low specific heat=
low heat capacity
wooden spoon vs metal spoon conducting heat
Hydrostatics is the study of
fluids that are not moving (static)
Hydrodynamics is the study of
Fluids in motion
Buoyancy =
is the upward force on an object produced by the surrounding liquid or gas in which it is fully or partially immersed.
This is due to the pressure difference of the fluid between the top and bottom of the object.
Specific gravity=
density of object compared to water.
Archimedes Principle (Buoyancy)
An object immersed ether totally or partially in a fluid feels a buoyancy force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.
If the density of an object is greater than that of the fluid, the object will _____ in the fluid.
If the density of an object is less than that of the fluid the object will _____ in the fluid.
Sink and float.
Surface tension is:
the force per unit length acting across any line in the surface and tending to pull the surface apart across the lines.
T/F: Pressure is dependent of container shape.
False: Pressure is independent of container shape.
Viscosity is a measure of _______
a measure of the resistance to flow.
A Hydrometer measures______.
Density of a fluid.
Poiseuille’s law in simpler terms, describes flow. What are the 4 factors that determine laminar flow of liquid in a tube?
Radius of tube
Length of tube
pressure
viscosity of the fluid.
What factor in Poiseuille’s law has the greatest affect on flow?
Radius!!!!!!
it is proportional to the 4th power of the tubes/pipes radius.
Reynold’s Number describes what?
A calculation of when flow will transition from laminar to turbulent. For a given liquid and tube there is a critical flow rate above which the flow will become turbulent.
As the diameter of the tube decreases the velocity of the fluid _______.
increases.
narrow stream vs wide slow area of a river
Bernoulli’s law states
The faster a fluid flows, the less pressure it exerts.
The Venturi effect ______.
is the reduction in fluid pressure that results when a fluid flows through a constricted section (or choke) of a pipe.
Law of La Place (Surface Tension)
The larger the vessel radius, the larger the wall tension required to withstand a given internal fluid pressure. For a given vessel radius and internal pressure, a spherical vessel will have HALF the wall tension of a cylindrical vessel.
Vapor pressure=
pressure exerted by the vapors (gas state) of a liquid.
Boiling point=
The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the ambient pressure.
The normal boiling pressure is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is exactly 760 torr/mmHg.
Dynamic Equilibrium:
When there is a balance between vaporization and condensation.
Volatility:
is the tendency of a liquid to evaporate. Volatile liquids have a low vapor pressure.
