Quiz 1 Flashcards
When was the British North American Act made
BNAA was started in 1876
When and where was the first school of nursing in Canada
St. Catherines, ONT, in 1874
What style of nursing was introduced in 1874
Nightingale model of nursing
What was the first community nursing group called and when was it established
The Victorian Order of Nursing was established in 1897
What type of nursing did the VON offer
They offered bedside and home nursing to families who could not afford private live in care
What skills did CHN need in order to practice
They needed to be well versed in public health and health promotion, along with midwifery skills and immediate health concerns
Who conied the term “Public health nurse”
Lillian Wald
What did Lillian Wald found
Henry Street Visitin Nurse service
What where some of the key issues PHN focused on in the 20th century
Decreasing infant mortality and helping with TB
What were the two specialities of PHN in its early stages
TB and School age child nursing
What was the key focus of the school nurse
Medical inspection of children augmented by home visits to educate the parents and to ensure that all recommendations were follwoed
What was the first maternal child health program
Red Cross Peace Program
What were some of the diffculites PHN faced in the early years
Push back from MD’s, not wanting to give nurse range of care or autonomy
What services did a District/Visiting nursing offer
People of middle to low income who could not afford private live in care. These nurses offered bedside nursing care and health prevention to families
What is Primary Health Care
Well baby checks
Vaccination clinics
Anything health promoting and preventative.
What are some of the challenges CHN faced
- Harsh climates
- Many had to drive
- Lack of funding
What is military nursing
- Emergency preparedness and disaster training
- Attributes and competencies of community health nursing
- Broad vision
- Population health approach
What is Outpost Nursing
Nurse who provide services in the most remote geographical locations, serving settlers and aboriginal communites
When was the first publicy funded home care started
In 1974 in Manitoba
Who played a role in taking care of the complex patients in the 70’s
The VON nurse
What changes happen to PH between 1940-1970
Shift from child and maternal health to prevention and management of complex morbities
What did the WHO adopt in 1978 and what did it stand for
Alma-Ata, and it empowered CHN and their knowledge and saw that primary health goals can be achieved with CHN
When was the Lalonde report made
1974
When was the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion started
1986
When was the Community Health Nurses Assocition brought into CNA
1987
Define public health
Organzied efforts of society to keep people health and prevent illness, injury and premature death. It is a combination of programs, services, and policies that protect and promote the health of all Canadians
What are key things that CHN focus on
- Promote health
- Prevent and control chronic disease and injuries
- Prevent and control infectious disease
- Prepare and respond to public health emergencies
- Serve as central point for sharing Canda’s expertise with the rest of the world
What is Primary prevention
-Preventing the disease or illness before it can begin
Ex) Vaccination clinics, well baby checks
What is Secondary prevention
Aims at reducing the risk of a disease that is already present.
ex) Mammograms or taking baby aspirin to prevent further complications
What is Tertiary Prevention
-Aims to reduce the impact of the illness on the person, help them manage their disease on a long term basis
Ex) chronic disease management and support groups
What is Upstream thinking
Noticing a trend within the population and looking at the factors that are causing the said issue and finding interventions to help prevent further issues and causes
What are the 6 “Blue Print fro Action in CHN”
-CHN need to work at full scope and with greater clarity for the role in all domains
-Support nursing leadership development and positions to advance community health nursing practice
-Build on a successful collaboration within nursing and strengthen partnerships with other professionals
-Transform the healthcare system into a system for community health
-Support strong educational preparation in community health nursing
Improve access to a range of professional development resources to advance community health nursing capacity
What is social justice
justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society
What are some social determinates of health
- Employment and income
- Sex
- Healthy child development
- Education
What are some Environmental determinates of health
- Where you live
- Where you grew up
- Pollution
- Access to health care
What is health Equity
Health equity means that everyone has a fair opportunity to live a long, healthy life. It implies that health should not be compromised or disadvantaged because of an individual or population group’s race, ethnicity, gender, income, sexual orientation, neighborhood or other social condition
What is emancipatory knwoing
empowering nursing students toward reflection and action. Snyder M. Nursing students in the 21st century are entering highly complex health care systems that require advocates for social justice and human rights on behalf of patients
What is Sociopolitical knowing
Involves both social and political aspects.
We define Sociopolitical knowing is not just a basic nurse and client relationship. It’s about looking deeper into the way the client is situated and constituted in the world
What is primary health care
Essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families through their full participation and at a cost to the community and country can afford to maintain at every state of their development in the sprit of self reliance and self determination.
What are the 5 Key elements for Primary Health care
- Reducing exclusion and social disparities in health -Universal coverage reforms)
- Organizing health services around people’s needs and expectations (Service delivery reforms)
- Integrating health into all sectors (Public policy reforms)
- Pursuing collaborative models of policy dialogue (leadership reforms)
- Increasing stakeholder participation)
What is health promotion
Is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health. To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment
What is Primary Care
Primary care is a narrower concept that refers to a person-centred comprehensive approach (biomedical model)
What are the five principals of Primary health care
- Accessibility
- Public participation
- Health Promotion
- Appropriate technology
- intersectoral collaboration
What does public participation include in PHC
-People are actively involverf and encourage to make decisions about their own health and help identify the needs in their community
What Does Health Promotion in in PHC mean?
-Includes promoting and encouraging people and their community to become active members in their health
What does accessibility mean in PHC?
This means health care is universally available to everyone who needs it and the distribution of healthcare takes into account the barriers within the health region. This speaks to regards of barriers that are both physical and come from within the communities and biases
What does Appropriate Technology mean in PHC?
Appropriate care is accessible based on that society’s need.
What Does Intersectoral Collaboration mean in PHC?
Understanding that health and well being is related to wealth and economical status. Knowing that a health care system needs to acknowledge this and develop a health care system around this idea
What is Critical Social Theory?
Considers the multiple social and economic forces resulting in power differentials within society
Feminist Theory
Focuses on the role of sexism and oppression creating inequities
Complexity science theory
The view that in any given situation there are numerous and diverse parts interacting with the potential to evolve to a new situation. There is no single complexity theory or approach to complexity. Some of the corn concepts include interconnectedness, non-linearity, self-organization and co-evolution
Intersectionality theory
Considers the multiple oppressive forces at play.
Has more focus on the ism’s and the compounding effect of the overlap among them
Postcolonial theory
Considers the role of race and history in creating inequities
What is Social justice
The fair distribution of society’s benefits, responsibilities, and their consequences. It focuses on the relative position of one social group in relation to others in a society, as well as the root causes of disparities and what can be done to eliminate them
What is Capacity building?
Capacity building refers to giving strength to individual and institutional skills, capabilities, knowledge and experience through coaching, training, resource networking, and technical support
What is advocacy?
Advocacy involves the active support of individual rights and positive policy or system change
What is health equity?
Equity is based on the just treatment of all individuals, which includes equitable access and opportunity to meet health needs
