Quiz 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Why does CSM use Bloom’s Taxonomy?
A
to promote higher forms of thinking in education, such as analyzing and evaluating concepts, processes, procedures, and principles, rather than just remembering facts
(remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, creating)
2
Q
What does the CSM OT student handbook use to define professionalism?
A
- appearance
- attitudes/behaviors
- commitment to attendance, participation, and excellence
- responsibility as a student
3
Q
Who pays for our board exam preparation done by TherapyEd?
A
President Stevens
4
Q
What is professional philosophy?
A
sets of values, beliefs, truths, and principles that guide the practitioners practice
5
Q
What is guided by the philosophy of practice?
A
theories, models of practice, and intervention approaches
6
Q
What does professional philosophy define?
A
nature of profession, guides actions, supports the profession’s domain
7
Q
When was the philosophical base of OT adopted and reaffirmed?
A
adopted in 1979
reaffirmed in 2004
8
Q
What are the three parts of the framework of the philosophical base of OT?
A
- metaphysical
- epistemology
- axiology
9
Q
Metaphysical
A
refers to questions concerned with the nature of humankind
10
Q
Epistemology
A
related to the ‘nature, origin, and limits of human knowledge’
-humans learn through experience- thinking, feeling, and doing
11
Q
Axiology
A
Concerned with the study of values
12
Q
What views are used in metaphysical?
A
- Reductionist view: breaks every system down to specialize
- Holistic view: view humans as whole machine (value and beliefs, environment, context, who they are as a PERSON)
- Idea that human beings are active beings and that they have a continuous interaction with their environment
13
Q
What does it mean to be an active being?
A
capable of change, need purpose/motivation
14
Q
Maslow’s Hierarchy
A
idea that if your basic needs are not being met then you will not be able to perform higher level tasks
15
Q
Classifications of Occupations
A
- activities of daily living
- instrumental activities of daily living
- self-care
- education
- work
- play
- leisure
- participation in social activities
(occupations that we embrace, that we are apart of, and that define us)
16
Q
Aspects of occupations
A
- performance in areas of occupation
- performance skills
- performance patterns
- Internal and external context
- activity demands
- client factors
(performance areas, how well we are doing them, skills)
17
Q
What is the main preference behind epistemology?
A
the idea that patients should get the chance to experience growth of what they can achieve
18
Q
What part of epistemology is emphasized by OT’s?
A
Ot emphasizes DOING as the primary mechanism for learning and re-learning various skills
19
Q
What is the main component of epistemology?
A
the base of understand motivation, change, and learning
20
Q
occupation as a means
A
- use of specific occupation to bring about change to the client’s performance
- learning how to us new skills to do the same occupation that you were able to do before the accident
21
Q
Occupation as an end
A
-desired outcome or product of intervention and derived from a persons values, experiences, and culture
22
Q
“Knowing by Doing”
A
- person learns to adapt
- normal developmental process
- as practitioners of Ot, optimistic each individual ha the potential to grow, adapt, and change
23
Q
What views are used in Axiology?
A
- client is actively involved
- concerned with study of values/beliefs
24
Q
Axiology Rules of Conduct
A
- emerged from Moral Treatment Era
- Humanistic perceptive
- AOTA: Core Values and Attitudes of OT
25
-AOTA: Core Values and Attitudes of OT
- altruism
- equality
- freedom
- justice
- dignity
- truth
- prudence
26
altruism
unselfish concern for the welfare of others
27
equality
treating all individuals equally and with fairness
28
freedom
individuals right to exercise choice
29
justice
laws that govern the practice and to respect the legal rights of the client
30
dignity
uniqueness of each individual is emphasized
31
truthfulness
demonstrated through behavior that is accountable, honest, and accurate
32
prudence
ability to demonstrate sound judgement, care, and discretion
33
What is the purpose of fieldwork?
application of knowledge that you've gained
34
What does ACOTE stand for?
Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education
35
Whats the purpose of Level 1 fieldwork?
- exposure to different practice settings, techniques, etc.
| - practice certain specified OT processes
36
What is the purpose of Level 2 fieldwork?
-participate as an entry level clinical practitioner
37
What are the different curricular threads covered by fieldwork?
- theory driven practice
- mercy mission
- professionalism
38
What is OT?
practice that uses goal-directed activity to promote independence in function
39
Therapy
treatment of an illness or disability
40
Goal
end toward which effort is directed
41
independence
state or condition of being self-reliant
42
function
action for which a person is specifically fitted
43
Occupation
activity in which one engages
44
Activity
state or condition of being involved
45
Task
Basic unit of Action
46
Example involving occupation, activity, and task
occupation: cooking/baking
activity: making a cake
task: mixing the batter
47
difference between OTA and OT
OT has more extensive education and training in theory and evaluation, at least a Masters degree, "professional" level
OTA works under supervision of OT, 2 year associate degree program, "technical" level
48
Difference between OT and OTA when caring for a patient
- OTA are supervised by OT
- only OT can complete evaluation
- After evaluation, OTA can take over with OT instructions
- OT is in charge of plan of care and discharge of patient
- OTA's do not need to be DIRECTLY watched by OT's
49
Age of Enlightenment
(Age of Reason)
lots of logical thinkers came about, era of lots of corruption between state and schooling, focusing a lot on goals and progress (big picture)
**Time that Civil War occurred, reason was that they wanted everyone to be treated equally (basis of OT philosophy)
50
18th and 19th Century
- Mentally ill were being ostracized
| - idea of Moral Treatment was developed (we should all be treated the same because we are all human)
51
Moral Treatment
idea of 'purposeful activity', give people a purpose and they will be more likely to engage and be successful when they have a structure to follow
credited by: Phillipe Pinel and William Tuke
52
Philippe Pinel
- work treatment: developed schedule filed with physical exercise, work, music, and literature
- ordered removal of chains from some inmates
53
William Tuke
- appalled by inhumane conditions he observed at an asylum and sought more compassionate approach
- wanted to approach all patients with kindness and consideration
54
Benjamin Rush
-first physician to institute Moral Treatment practice in USA
55
Hull House
founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates
purpose was to treat people with kindness. respect, and give them a purpose
promoted education, autonomy, and women's rights
56
What were the 3 R's that Addams published?
residence, research, reform
57
John Locke
- physician and philosopher
| - credited with sensory learning, philosophy, and policy
58
Adolf Meyer
- Swiss-educated physician
| - introduced individualized approach to treatment
59
Beginning of OT Profession 20th Century
'Progressive Era'
-economy increase
created job increase
-Assassination of Pres. McKinley created huge education boom towards medicine
60
WWI
- loads of injuries and people needing treatment
- Increase in awareness of abilities of persons with disabilities
- people began getting treatment so that they could either enter work force or go back to war
61
WWI Reconstruction Program
- purpose was to rehab soldier to return them to active duty or civilian job
- had to quickly train people to treat the mass number of injured
62
'Reconstruction Aids'
- women trained to be practitioners
- treated 'shell shock' with involvement in activities
- super high demand so they began training more and more people
63
Dr. William Rush Dunton, Jr.
- father of OT
| - introduced crafts to patients in hospitals
64
Eleanor Clarke Slagle
- Mother of OT
- Habit training: developing a routine in a positive way in hopes of getting a positive response
- Her home was first unofficial headquarters of Association
- promoted organization growth by networking through women's clubs and establishing national office in NY
65
George Edward Barton
- suffered from TB
- spent time in sanatorium
- studied rehabilitation and made contact with people dedicated to transforming quality of care
66
Isabel Newton
- worked as a bookkeeper
| - taught along side Barton at the Consolation House
67
Consolation House
first prototype of what real area in a hospital should look like
68
Susan Cox Johnson
- believed occupations should be morally uplifting
- occupations should improve mental and physical state of patients
- advocate for high education standards
69
Thomas Kidner
- specifically constructed area in hospitals for OT rehab
- wanted to help grow, expand, and legitimize the OT profession
- pushed for TB treatment
70
Herbert Hall
developed the work cure: getting the patient up and doing things, give them a purpose
71
Susan Tracy
-wanted OT things to become a specialty of nursing
72
March 15, 1917
formal 'birth' of profession of Occupational Therapy
73
November 1918
- war ended
- women let the battlefield and went back to original occupations
- many training programs closed
74
Soldiers Rehabilitation Act
we need to help disabled veterans and get them back in the community (jobs, etc)
75
Civilian Vocations Rehabilitation Act
we need to help get our regular civilians back into the community (jobs, etc)
76
Dr. Frank H, Krusen
- wanted to merge OT and PT into one occupation
| - dual credentials
77
How did the standards of OT change after WWI?
-AOTA started only endorsing schools that met the standards but didn't close the schools that didn't meet standards
78
how did growth of OT change after the WWI?
- emphasize on publication
- published journal specifically for OT
- needed to show research to prove that OT was a real and useful profession
79
How did the Great Depression influence OT growth?
-slowed growth and promotion until the US joined WWII after Pearl Harbor
80
How did WWII affect growth?
- created huge demand for OT's due to huge number of casualties
- AOTA required that a person needed to successfully complete an examination to practice as an OT
81
Post WWII
- movement toward rehabilitation
- neuroleptic drugs (anti-psychotics)
- better technologies
- federally mandated health care
82
Karl and Berta Bobath
neurodevelopment treatment (NDT): different techniques to get response for neurological conditions (cerebral palsy)
83
Ruth A. Robinson
proposed accelerated training program to meet demands
84
Margaret Rood
- OT and PT who is credited for early theories on motor control
- stressed importance of reflexes in early development
85
Mary Reilly
-emphasized importance of occupational skills begin in children as forms of play
86
A. Jean Ayres
- Tools of practice
| - integrated sensory processing (sensory integration and Praxis Tests)
87
Gail Fidler
- occupation as a mean for emotional expression
| - studies of interpersonal theory, self-esteem, and ego development
88
Ann Mosley
- advanced Fidler's ideas by developing the object relations/psychodynamic frame of reference
- concepts integral to understanding the use of activities and groups in therapy
89
Lorna Jean King
-applied sensory integrative theories to persons with schizophrenia
90
Claudia Allen
-developed theories of cognition to guide therapy for persons with chronic mental illness
91
Elizabeth Yerxa
-emphasized the importance of advancing theory to benefit practice
92
Recent Changes in Profession
- due to shift to medical and scientific approach, OT's began to work more in hospitals
- caused shortage in psychiatric settings
93
1980-1990's
- end of Cold War
- lots of legislation that benefited OT
- ADA: American Disability Act
- IDEA and BBA: Children rights and how they receive service
-1983: President Regan signed the Social Security Amendment into law
94
Advances in AOTA
- lobbying became function of organization
- growth in number of educational programs that offered graduate degree
- separated membership and certification procedures (AOTA and NBCOT)
95
Florence Clark
- occupational science: idea that humans are active beings
| - huge advocate for keeping people in their homes so that they recovered better, felt better, and received cheaper care
96
Gary Kielhofner
- idea that we need to help people regardless of how scary it is
- AIDS/HIV aid advocate
97
M. Carolyn Baum
-initiated strategic planning to develop Centennial Vision
98
Ann Wilcock
-One of the first scholars to emphasize the idea of OT as a key contributor to population health
99
Elizabeth Townsend
Worked with Wilcock to develop and advance the concept of occupational justice
