Quiz 1

Question 1

Signs of gastrointestinal bleeding

Answer 1

Melena
Hematochezia
Hematemesis

Question 2

Visible signs of bleeding

Answer 2

Overt

Question 3

Vomitus of red blood or “coffee-ground” material

Answer 3

Hematemesis

Question 4

Bright red blood implies

Answer 4

Active/Acute bleeding

Question 5

Denotes that the blood has been there for some time; there has been bleeding for previous hours or days already

Answer 5

Coffee-ground material

Question 6

Black, tarry, foul-smelling stool

Answer 6

Melena

Question 7

Source of bleeding for melena

Answer 7

Upper GI before the ligament of Treitz

Question 8

T/F:

Melena : Pasty consistency of stool :: With iron supplement : Dark green and formed stool

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Bright red or maroon blood from the rectum

Answer 9

Hematochezia

Question 10

Source of bleeding for hematochezia

Answer 10

After the ligament of Treitz

Question 11

Signs of hematochezia

Answer 11

Shock
Orthostatic hypotension
Tachycardia
Cold, clammy skin

Question 12

Most sensitive indicator of bleeding

Answer 12

Cardiac rate

Question 13

Cardiac rate of patient with significant or severe GI bleeding

Answer 13

Tachycardic

Question 14

Division of GI bleeding wherein there are no visible signs of bleeding

Answer 14

Occult

Question 15

Clinical presentation of occult bleeding

Answer 15

Light-headedness
Syncope
Angina
Dyspnea

Question 16

Occult GI bleeding results in:

Answer 16

Iron Deficiency Anemia

(+) Fecal occult blood test

Question 17

GI bleeding wherein the source of bleeding is unknown despite thorough examination

Answer 17

Obscure

Question 18

Bleeding before the ligament of Treitz

Answer 18

UGIB

Question 19

Manifestations of UGIB

Answer 19

Melena
Hematemesis
In severe cases, hematochezia

Question 20

Bleeding after the ligament of Treitz

Answer 20

LGIB

Question 21

LGIB presents with

Answer 21

Hematochezia

Melena -uncommon

Question 22

Upper and lower GI endoscopy are done, yet cannot determine bleeding site. Further investigation/examination is needed

Answer 22

Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Question 23

Causes of melena

Answer 23

Bacterial degeneration

Hydrochloric Acid

Question 24

Volume of blood required to manifest with melena

Answer 24

50-100 mL

Question 25

Black stool can be due to

Answer 25

Black-colored food
Iron supplements
Herbal supplements
Licorice

Question 26

T/F:

Bleeding started 3-5 days before the occurrence of melena

Answer 26

True

Question 27

In melena, frequent passage of stool may indicate

Answer 27

Massive bleeding

Question 28

Presence of blood in the intestines may cause

Answer 28

Catharsis

Question 29

2 most common risk factor for PUD

Answer 29

Intake of NSAID

Presence of H. pylori infection

Question 30

Massive bleeding: hematochezia –> melena. Check for

Answer 30

Hemodynamic stability

Question 31

Signs of shock

Answer 31

Hypotension

Tachycardia

Question 32

Most common cause of UGIB, can also cause LGIB

Answer 32

NSAID

Question 33

Most common site of lodgement in pill esophagitis

Answer 33

Area of aortic arches

Question 34

T/F:

Chronic liver disease may manifest in the form of GI bleeding

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Leads to swallowing of blood which may manifest as melena

Answer 35

Bleeding from nasopharynx

Question 36

T/F:

Hematochezia usually precedes hematemesis in UGIB

Answer 36

False

Question 37

Volume of blood required to manifest as hematochezia

Answer 37

1 L

Question 38

T/F:

Hematochezia usually develops abruptly without abdominal pain

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Associated signs and symptoms for hematochezia

Answer 39

Abdominal pain
Dizziness
Bruising
Bleeding gums

Question 40

GI irritants

Answer 40

Alcohol

NSAID (Aspirin)