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Wildlife ecology > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS WILDLIFE?

A

Wildlife includes all the animals associated with a particular ecosystem. However, knowledge about wildlife is largely restricted to game species, threatened & endangered species, and other species of economic importance”.

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2
Q

What is a vertebrate?

How many are in Washington?

A

Vertebrates are animals with backbones. There are over 700 species of vertebrates that occur in Washington state.

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3
Q

what is in endangered animal? how many are in Washington?

A

A species native to the state of Washington that is seriously threatened with extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range within the state.
28 in WA

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4
Q

What is a threatened species?

How many are in WA?

A

A species native to the state of Washington that is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout a significant portion of its range within the state without cooperative management or removal of threats.
10 in WA

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5
Q

What is a sensitive species?

How many are in WA?

A

A species native to the state of Washington that is vulnerable or declining and is likely to become endangered or threatened in a significant portion of its range within the state without cooperative management or removal of threats.
8 in WA

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6
Q

3 examples of endangered species in WA

A

Gray Wolf
Northern Spotted Owl
Oregon Spotted Frog

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7
Q

3 examples of sensitive species in WA

A

Common Loon
Bald Eagle
Larch Mountain Salamander

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8
Q

2 examples of threatened species in WA

A

Marbled Murrelet

Western Gray Squirrel

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9
Q

How many species are on the state candidate list?

A

113 in WA

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10
Q

what are the 5 Composition factors?

A

Genetic Diversity - Gene Pools

Species, Number of Species & Species Abundance

Populations of Animals & Plants

Species Associations & Community Diversity

Ecosystem Diversity

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11
Q

what are the 7 Structure factors?

A

Vertical & Horizontal

Spatial Heterogeneity & Density

Edge Effect

Islands & Fragmentation

Dead Trees & Snags

Micro-Environments

Appearance

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12
Q

what is vertical structure?

A

Vertical structure refers to the “ladder-like” arrangement in a forest.
I.E dominate, co-dominate shrubs, ground cover

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13
Q

What is horizontal structure?

A

Stand density and crown cover within timber stands and across the landscape is horizontal structure.

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14
Q

What are the 6 function factors?

A

Energy Capture & Trophics

Weathering

Mineral & Nutrient Cycling

Water Movement

Temperature & Humidity

Succession & Disturbance

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15
Q

What are the 5 main factors of habitat?

A 
site quality
space and home range
food and water
shelter
variability
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16
Q

what are the 4 different population dynamic models?

A

S-curve of population growth
Annual cycles
Short and long-term cycles
Irregular and irruptive cycles

17
Q

what year did the Endangered Species Preservation Act start?

A

1966

18
Q

What year did the endangered species conservation act start?

A

1969

19
Q

what year did the endangered species act start?

A

1973

20
Q

what 5 factors lead to a species being listed as threatened or endangered?

A

Present or threatened destruction, modification, or curtailment of the species’ habitat or range
–
Over utilization for commercial,recreational, scientific, or educational purposes
–
Disease or predation
–
Inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanisms
–
Other natural or manmade factors affecting the species’ survival

21
Q

What is “take”?

A

Take is defined as “to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct.”

22
Q

What is critical habitat?

A

the specific areas, within the geographic area occupied by a species at the time of its listing which are found those physical or biological features essential to the conservation of the species and which may require special management considerations or protection
–
2) specific areas outside the geographical area occupied by the species at the time it is listed, which are determined to be essential for the conservation of the species.

23
Q

What does HCP stand for?

A

Habitat Conservation Plans

24
Q

what does NCCPA stand for?

What year did it start?

A

Natural Community Conservation Planning Act 1991

25
Q

what is MMPA?

A

Marine Mammal Protection Act

26
Q

7 wildlife public trust factors

A
  1. Introduction – advent of public policy
  2. Sources of change in policy
  3. Government oversight – federal and state
  4. Policy and laws
  5. Enforcement
  6. Public Views
  7. National Policy Acts
  8. Attitudes
27
Q

7 American Game Policy

A
  1. Extend
  2. Recognize
  3. Experiment
  4. Train
  5. Determine
  6. Recognize
  7. Provide
28
Q

2 sources of change in public policy

A

Public, government

29
Q

2 types of government oversight

A

federal, state

Wildlife ecology (1 decks)

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