Quiz #1 Flashcards
Function of the foot?
To provide stability
locomotion and balance
Shock absorption
Why does the heel protrude slightly posteriorly ?
to prevent the body’s frame from tipping backwards
What is the purpose of the toes?
Prevent tipping forward
What is the purpose of the arche?
Shock absorption, arches prevent the ground reaction force from being transmitted up through the ankles, knees, hips and lower back
What provides locomotion and balance?
Metatarsophalangeal joints to propel the body forward
T or F
Is the foot a major sensory organ?
T- due to the abundant nerve supply.
What does proximal mean?
closest point of origin
What does distal mean?
farthest point of origin
T or F
The medial malleolous is the inside of the ankle?
True
T or F
The plantar view is the bottom of the foot?
True
T or F
The hallux is the big toe
True
T or False
The dorsal view is the top of the foot
True
T or F
The lateral malleolus is the back of the foot
False
Lateral malleolous is the outer ankle
What does Apex stand for?
Tip of toe
Define Gait
Manner of movement on foot
T or F
A normal gait has a definite rhythm, stride and spring
True
T or F
Your gait can not be inherited
True
T or F
Phycological factors can be transmitted to our gait, give an example
True
depression effects posture, effecting our gait
List the steps of a normal gait
Heel is first contact outside border of the foot across the ball of the foot to the great toes "Lift off" then done by the great toe.
How many bones does the foot have?
26 bones
2 sesamoids
List the three sections of bones
Tarsal Bones
Metatarsal bones
Phalanx
T or F
Tarsal bones consist of: talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid and phalanx
False
talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid and cuneiforms
T or F
There are 3 metatarsal bones
F
there are 5 one for each digit
How many phalanx bones are there:
a) 2 for the first digit, 5 for the 2,3,4 and 5 digit
b) 1 for the first digit, 3 for the 2,3,4, and 5 digit
c) 3 for the first digit, 4 for the 2,3,4 and 5 digit
d) 2 for the first digit, 3 for the 2,3,4, and 5 digit
D
How is the body weight supported?
a) 1 and 2 metatarsal 25%, remaining metatarsals 35% calcaneus 40%
b) 1 metatarsal 25%, remaining metatarsals 50% calcaneus 25%
c) 1 and 2 metatarsals 25%, remaining metatarsals 25% and calcaneus 50%
d) 1 and 2 metatarsals 15%, remaining metatarsals 20% and calcaneus 65%
C
T or F
Do toes contribute to balance
True
What are sesamoid bones?
cartilaginous massess embedded in tendons
Function of Sesamoid bones?
modify pressure and to diminish friction
What is the Talus bone?
is the ankle bone, part of tarsal bones forms the lower part of the ankle joint,
What is the Calcaneus?
The heel bone
What is the navieular?
resembles a boat, found on the medial side of the foot and proximally to the talus distally to the cuneiform bones
What is the Cuboid
one of the seven tarsal bones. Surfaces are rough for attachments of ligaments
What are Cuneiforms?
3 of the seven tarsal bones located between the navicular bone
What are the metatarsals?
Located between the tarsal bones and phlanges, not individually named numbered from medial side
What are Phalanx?
Plural form Phalanges toes make up the toes.
What kind of joint is in the foot?
Synovial joint
What kind of movement does the foot joint provide?
Hinged or gliding action
What is a synovial joint made up of:
a) bones, muscles and cartilage
b) bones, cartilage, liagaments, synovial fluid
c) bones, muscles, ligaments, cartilage, synovial fluid
d) bones, synovial fluids, ligaments, cartilage
C
What is the function of a bone?
Site of attachment for skeletal muscles.
What is the function of a muscle?
apply to force to produce a given movement,
What is the function of a ligament?
holds bones together and stabalizes the articulation
What is the function of cartilage?
provides a smooth surface to reduce friction
What is synovial fluid?
viscous fluid that lubricates the joints,
What is synovial membrane?
secretes synovial fluid into the synovial space. Membrane begins where the cartilage ends
What is the synovial space?
the space within the capsule that allows movement.
What are the four major joints:
a) tibitalar, interphalangeal, talonavicular, subtalar
b) Tibiotalar, subtalar and midtarsal, metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal
c) Calcaneocuboid, tibiotalar, talonavicular, interphalangeal
d) Tibiotalar, Metatarsocuniform, calcaneocuboid, subtalar
B
What movements does the Tibitalar joint have?
Dorsiflexion and planter flextion
T or F
Dosiflexion takes place at the ankle and allows the upper surface of the foot to move towards the leg
True
T or F
Plantar flexion allows the foot to point downward
True
What movement do the subtalar joint and midtarsal joint allow?
inversion and eversion
T or F
Inversion is turning the sole of the foot away from the midline of the body
False- inversion is turning the sole of the foot inward to the midline of the body
T or F
Eversion is turning the sole of the foot away from the midline of the body.
True
What movements does the Metatarsophalangeal joint allow?
Flexion
extension
adduction
abduction
T or F
Flexion increases the angle between the bones
False decrease the angles between bones.
T or F
Extension increases the angle between bones
true
T or F
Adduction moves the foot towards the midline.
True
T or F
Abduction moves the foot away from the midline
True
T or F
The interphalangeal joint allows for flexion and extension
True
What does the Talonavicular joint do?
the talus articulates with the navicular
What does the calcaneocuboid joint do?
calcaneous articulates wiht the cuboid
what does the Metatarsocuniform joint do?
metatarsals connect wiht the cuneiforms
List the function of the arches:
supports body weight
provides leverage when walking
provides flexibility to the foot
aides in shock absorption
List the 4 main arches:
Medial longitudinal
Lateral longitudinal
Transverse
Metatarsal
List the components of the Medical longitudinal arche
Calcaneous Talus Navicular Cuniforms first three metatarsals
List the components of the Lateral longitudinal arche
Calcaneous
cuboid
fourth and fifth metatarsals
List the components of the transverse arche
navicular
cuneiforms
cuboid
metatarsal bones
List the components of the metatarsal arche
the 5 metatarsal heads.
How many ligaments are in the foot
over 100
What are ligaments?
tough bands of white fibrous connective tissue
What do ligaments do?
hold tendons in place stabilizes joints bind structures together facilitate or limit motion give strength and support to the bony structure
What do the medial and lateral ligaments provide?
stability and enable the foot to move up and down
What are the 3 main groups of ligaments?
a) Spring ligament, long ligament, short ligament
b) Medial ligament, Lateral ligament, Spring ligament
c) Spring ligament, Long plantar ligament, Short plantar ligament
d) Short ligament, lateral ligament, long ligament
C
The purpose of a spring ligament?
Support the talus
What is a spring ligament?
Strong band between the navicular and the calcaneous
What happens if the spring ligament is dysfunctional?
flat footed (pes planus)
What is the long plantar ligament?
Connects plantar surface of cuboid with plantar surface of calcaneous and goes on to fasten to the bases of the metatarsals
How does the long plantar ligament function?
Maintains the integrity of the arches
Where is the long plantar ligament located?
between the calcaneous and the metatarsals
Where is the short plantar ligament located?
deep in the foot
What does the short plantar ligament do?
Secrures the calcaneous and the cuboid
How does the short plantar ligament function?
limits movement between the calcaneous and cuboid to a gliding motion
