Quiz 1

Question 1

what is the definition of criminology?

Answer 1

study of crime and corrections and the opporation of the CJS

Question 2

what is the definition of crime?

Answer 2

a specific act of comission or omission in violation of the law, for which punishment is perscribed

Question 3

what is the definition of a felony?

Answer 3

serious crime, punishable by incarceration for more than one year, or death

Question 4

what is the definition of a misdemeanor?

Answer 4

offenses less serious than a felony, abd usually punishable by incarceration for no more than one year, probation or intermediate sanction

Question 5

what is the definition of a wobbler?

Answer 5

offense that can be prosecuted as either a misdemeanor or a felony

Question 6

what is the definition of infraction?

Answer 6

a less serious offense, not punishable by incarceration

Question 7

what is the definition of a citation?

Answer 7

promise to appear in court, issued by a law enforcement officer

Question 8

what is the definition of discression?

Answer 8

power of free decision or latitude of choice within certain legal bounds

Question 9

what are the definitions of justice?

Answer 9

(1) the wuality of being just, impartial or fair.

(2) the purpose of a legal system, the pribcipals of law, applied to the facts of a case should produce justice

Question 10

what is the definition of jurisdiction?

Answer 10

The territory subject matter, of persons over which lawful authority maybe exercised by a court or other justice agency

Question 11

what is the definition of adjudication?

Answer 11

process of determining the guilt or innocence of a defendent

Question 12

what is the definition of an arrest?

Answer 12

the physical taking of a person into custody, based on the ground that there is reason to believe they commited the crime

Question 13

what is the definition of a warrant? and what two types are there?

Answer 13

issued by court, gives police authority to take certain legal actions // search and arrest

Question 14

what is the definition of recidivism?

Answer 14

rate of reoffense

Question 15

what is the definition of federalism?

Answer 15

system where in the power’s are divided between state and national government

Question 16

what is the definition of CJS?

Answer 16

the means society uses to enfore rules of conduct necessary to protect individuals and community

Question 17

3 general goals?

Answer 17

1. Doing Justice
2. Controlling crime
3. Preventing crime

Question 18

what is the definition of mala in se?

Answer 18

crimes that are just wrong. (b&w)

ex: murder, rape

Question 19

what is the definition of mala prohibita?

Answer 19

prohibited by law, but not necessarily wrong in themselves.

ex: doing drugs, gambling

Question 20

what is the definition of occupational crime?

Answer 20

commited through opportunities created in a legal buisness setting

Question 21

what is the definition of organizaed crime?

Answer 21

framework for the perpetration of criminal acts & providing illeagal services that are of high demand

Question 22

what is the definition of visible crime?

Answer 22

offenses against person’s & or property // usually referred to as street crime

Question 23

what is the definition of violent crime?

Answer 23

acts against people, where death or serious injury occurs

Question 24

what is the definition of public crime?

Answer 24

threatens general well-being of society and challenge accepted moral principles

Question 25

what is the definition of property crime?

Answer 25

acts that threaten property held by individuals or the state

Question 26

Explain classical school of thought, who was Cesare Beccaria? What did he believe? Who was Jeremy Bentham? What did he believe? etc…..

Answer 26

CB: first person to explain crime in a secular way
- Believed people were responsible for their behavior
Principles included:
• Concept of freewill= criminal behavior is rational and everyone has the potential to engage in it
• Costs vs. Benefits are weighed before committing a crime (angel vs devil) —> prevents people from committig crimes
• Punishment should fit the crime
• CJS should be lredictabke and laws must be known to public
JB: believed people will behave in a way that brings most pleasure and least pain

Question 27

Explain positivist school of thought.

Answer 27

Freewill = NO
• People commit crimes based kn bilogical, psychological or sociological factors
• Use science to determine the causes and cures for criminality
“TREATMENT NOT PUNISHMENT, will prevent crime.”

Question 28

What are the3 branches under Positivist school of thought?

Answer 28

Biological, Psychological, and Sociological

Question 29

Explain biological branch!

Answer 29

—> things you can physically see
• pertain to physical conditions or anomolies that can be directly observed

•Criminals have common primitive traits; you are BORN a criminal
~ Cesare Lombroso: studied bodies, believe criminals were inferior
ATAVISM: criminals are subhuman, univolved=less of a human