Quiz 1

Question 1

Hypothesis

Answer 1

a tentative explanation or prediction concerning some phenomenon

Question 2

Scientific Law

Answer 2

a summary of observed patterns in large collections of data (often expressed mathematically)

Question 3

Theory

Answer 3

provides explanations of observed natural phenomena and predictions that can be tested by further experiments

Question 4

Qualitative

Answer 4

Descriptive

Question 5

Quantitative

Answer 5

Measurements

Question 6

kilo-

Answer 6

10^3

Question 7

centi-

Answer 7

10^-2

Question 8

milli-

Answer 8

10^-3

Question 9

nano-

Answer 9

10^-9

Question 10

micro-

Answer 10

10^-6

Question 11

Volume

Answer 11

l x w x h = cm^3

Question 12

Intensive Properties

Answer 12

Independent of sample size

• temperature
• melting point
• density

Question 13

Extensive Properties

Answer 13

Dependent of sample size

• volume
• length
• mass

Question 14

Density

Answer 14

the mass per unit volume of a substance

dependent on temperature

Question 15

equation

Answer 15

d=m/v

Question 16

units of density for chemistry

Answer 16

• solids g/cm^3
• liquids g/mL
• gases g/L

Question 17

Energy

Answer 17

ability to cause a change in a physical system

Question 18

accuracy

Answer 18

how close to the true value a given measurement

-percent error
[(average exp value - true value) / true value] x 100

Question 19

precision

Answer 19

how well a number of independent measurements agree with each other
(characterized by standard deviation)

Question 20

Significant Figures

Answer 20

• zeros between two other significant digits are significant ( 107 / 1.209 x 10^-7)
• a lone zero proceeding a decimal point is not significant (0.749)
• zeros between the decimal point and the first non-zero digit are not significant (0.03739)

Question 21

Significant Figure Rules

Answer 21

• zeros between two other significant digits are significant ( 107 / 1.209 x 10^-7)
• a lone zero proceeding a decimal point is not significant (0.749)
• zeros between the decimal point and the first non-zero digit are not significant (0.03739)
• zeros at the end of a number are significant if they are to the right of the decimal point (0.37390)
• zeros at the end of a number may be significant if the number is written without a decimal point (100)

Question 22

Calculations with Sig Figs.

Answer 22

multiplication or division: answer can’t have more sig figs than any of the original numbers

addition or subtraction: answer can’t have more digits to the right of the decimal point than any of the original numbers

Rounding: at the end of the calculation

Question 23

Significant Figures

Answer 23

• digits in a number that are known with certainty plus the first uncertain digit
• more significant digits = more precise
• sig figs apply only to measurements
• exact values - unlimited number of sig figs (pi)

Question 24

Dimensional Analysis

Answer 24

method that uses conversion factor to convert a quantity expressed in 1 unit to an equivalent quality in a different units

Question 25

Conversion Factor

Answer 25

states the relationship between two different units