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Phonetics > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Phonetics

A

Study of the production and perception of speech sounds

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2
Q

Phonology

A

Systematic organization of speech sounds in production of language

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3
Q

Dialect

A

Variation of speech or language based on where the person is from!

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4
Q

Graphemes

A

Letter representation Of words

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5
Q

Allographs

A

Same sounds but different spelling
Through canoe
Different letter sequences that represent the same sound

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6
Q

What is the phonetic alphabet? IPA

A

Alphabet designed to represent the sounds of words

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7
Q

Morpheme

A

Smallest unit of language capable of carrying meaning

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8
Q

Free morpheme

A

Morpheme that can stand on its own
And have meaning
Book

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9
Q

Bound morpheme

A

Has no meaning by itself cannot stand alone. Bound to other words
S ing pre Ian

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10
Q

Pulmonic consonants

A

Produced with an airstream from the lungs. All English consonants

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11
Q

IPA

A

International phonetic association

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12
Q

Non pulmonic consonants

A

Produced without the need for airflow from the lungs. Clicks in some African dialect

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13
Q

Diacritics

A

A marker to indicate an alternate way of producing a certain sound

For stress diacritic marker is= ‘

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14
Q

Suprasegmentals

A

Symbols that are used to indicate the stress, intonation pattern and tempo of any particular utterance in a language.

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15
Q

Phoneme

A

The smallest unit of sound with meaning. Differentiates morphemes and therefore capable of distinguishing meaning

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16
Q

Minimal pairs/constructs

A

Vary only by one phoneme
Initial phoneme change
Look book

Final phoneme change
Rub rut

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17
Q

Allophone

A

The variant or different pronunciations of a particular phoneme

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18
Q

Aspirated

A

Air passing through explosion of sub glottic pressure

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19
Q

Unaspirated

A

No air up

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20
Q

Complementary distribution

A

When the allophone is found in different phonetic enviornment
Kid k is placed in front of mouth because of the front vowel I

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21
Q

Free variation

A

When allophones aren’t dependent on the phonetic enviornment

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22
Q

Syllable

A

The smallest unit of speech production

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23
Q

How much stress does a compound word carry?

A

They have the same stress

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24
Q

1 syllable is always stressed

A

True

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25
Q

Nucleus or nuclei

A

Vowel in a word

Vowels are always voiced

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26
Q

Syllabic consonants

A

When a word has 2 syllables and a consonant becomes a nucleus
Ex chasm m becomes nuclei

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27
Q

Coda

A

Consonant in a word

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28
Q

Open syllables

A

Ends in a vowel

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29
Q

Closed syllables

A

Ends in a consonant

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30
Q

Word or lexical stress

A

Increased emphasis or muscular force in the production of one syllable

31
Q

Onset of a syllable

A

The consonants that precede the vowel

Ex spl it. Tr ied
Can be a consonant cluster

32
Q

Broad transcription

A

Virgules which are The slashes / / that only regard phonemic transcriptions and not allophonic variation

33
Q

Cognates

A

Same articulately posture but the difference is in the vocal folds
Ex s z

34
Q

What are the 3 cavities used in speech production?

A

Pharynx oral and nasal cavities

Cavities are open spaces

35
Q

Respiration

A

Air source that sets vocal folds into vibration

36
Q

Vocal tract

A

Pathway through larynx pharynx or nasal cavity that sound waves come through

37
Q

Narrow transcription

A

Allophonic transcription that uses diacritics to show the different productions of a sound

Ex exploded or aspirated P is [p’]
Uses [ ]

38
Q

Impressionistic transcription

A

Nothing is known about a particular speech sound system prior to analysis

39
Q

Where does speech production begin

A

In the lungs with a preparatory breath

40
Q

Inhalation

A

Thoracic cavity expands in order to make room for lung expansion and the diaphragm lowers and contracts , the rib cage expands enlarging the thoracic cavity creating extra space for the lungs. Also with the help of external intercostal muscles between the ribs

The sternum(breast bone) and the rib cage are raised

41
Q

What causes the lungs to fill with air during inhalation ?

A

As they expand the air pressure in the lungs becomes less than the air pressure in the environment which results in negative air pressure or a drop in air pressure to equalize the pressure air rushes in the lungs

42
Q

Exhalation

A

The lungs deflate and diaphragm rises and relaxes
Rib cage lowers due to the relaxation of the inhalation muscles and the contraction of the internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles

End result is the explosion of the airstream through the trachea or windpipe

43
Q

What is the trachea connected to

A

The trachea connects the lungs with the larynx

It’s a tube of cartilaginous rings embedded in muscle tissue

44
Q

Where are the internal and external intercostal muscles located

A

Internal are located between the ribs but beneath the external muscles

External between the ribs

45
Q

What does the laryngeal system consist of

A

The larynx which is composed mainly of muscle and cartilage connected to the trachea?

46
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw and connected to hyoid bone

47
Q

Where are the vocal folds housed

A

Larynx

48
Q

Vocal folds

A

Elastic folds of tissue made of muscle and attach anteriorly(front of) to the thyroid cartilage
Attach posteriorly to the arytenoid cartliages.
Each one connects to a arytenoid cartilage

49
Q

Anterior and posterior inferiority and superiority

A

Front
Rear
Above
Below

50
Q

Arytenoid cartilages

A

Connected to each vocal fold and attach to the cricoid cartilage which encircles the larynx. The thyroid cartilage attaches laterally to the cricoid
Situated atop the cricoid

51
Q

Glottis

A

The space between the vocal folds.

52
Q

Sub glottal pressure

A

Air pressure below the vocal folds

53
Q

Phonation

A

The vibration of the vocal folds

54
Q

Abduction

A

When breathing and quiet the vocal chords stay apart and open

55
Q

Addiction

A

Closed wen producing voiced phonemes

56
Q

Fundamental frequency

A

The basic rate of vocal fold vibration
125 per sec for males
215 per sec for females

Responsible for pitch in voice aka habitual pitch

57
Q

Epiglottis

A

A cartilage in the larynx that Diverts food away from the trachea and into the esophagus

58
Q

Pharynx

A

Aka the throat. Directs air flow from the larynx to the oral and nasal cavities
(Superior)Above the esophagus

59
Q

Nares

A

Nostrils

60
Q

Articulation

A

Involves joining together of the speech organs for the production of a sound

61
Q

Maxilla

A

Upper jaw

62
Q

Labial sounds

A

Sounds that use the lips

Lips are anterior (in front of) to teeth

63
Q

Bilabial

A

Sounds that use both lips

64
Q

Labiodental

A

Sounds that use lips and teeth

65
Q

Interdental or dental

A

Sounds that use tongue and teeth

66
Q

Velopharyngeal closure

A

Velum is raised and contracts the bak wall of the pharynx closing off the nasal cavity

67
Q

Resonance

A

Vibratory process of any vibrating body

68
Q

Cricoid

A

Shaped like a class ring

69
Q

Thyroid

A

Forms the Adam’s apple and connected anterior (front of)vocal folds

70
Q

Sprain

A

The whole body of the tongue

71
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen

72
Q

Inherent voice pitch

A

Habitual pitch

73
Q

Timbre

A

Sound quality

74
Q

Tongue

A

Tip is the apex

Blade is on the rear of the tip

Phonetics (2 decks)

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