Quiz 1

Question 1

What are the principles of EKG theory?

Answer 1

Professionalism: client relationship and teaching

Accuracy: knowledge and skill performance

Question 2

Where is the heart located?

Answer 2

Base located at 2nd intercostal space at right sternal border

Apex located at 5th intercostal space at mid clavicular line

Question 3

What are the 4 layers of the heart from innermost to outermost?

Answer 3

Endocardium

Myocardium

Epicardium

Pericardium- thick and not elastic: prevents heart from moving

Question 4

What are the 4 valves in the heart?

Answer 4

Atrial ventricular valves- tricuspid (right side), bicuspid (left)

Semi lunar valves- aortic (left) and pulmonary (right)

Question 5

What are the two main arteries of the heart?

Answer 5

Pulmonary- from right side to lungs

Aorta- from left side to body

Question 6

What are the three main veins of the heart?

Answer 6

Superior and inferior vena cava- into right side

Pulmonary- into left side

Question 7

What are the three coronary arteries on the left side of the heart?

Answer 7

Left coronary artery (LCA)

Which turns into:
Left anterior descending artery (widowmaker/ LAD)
Circumflex (circ)

Question 8

What are the main arteries on the right side?

Answer 8

Right coronary artery (RCA)

Which is composed of:
Posterior descending artery (PDA- to SA node)
Marginal acute

Question 9

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 9

Venous blood from right side of heart into lungs

Low pressure- 22mmHg

Question 10

What is systemic circulation?

Answer 10

Left side: Oxygenated blood from lungs moves through left side and pumps into body

Thick muscle- high pressure- 120mmHg

Needs to overpower atrial diastolic pressure (80mmHg)

Question 11

What is the calculation for cardiac output?

Answer 11

CO= Heart Rate * Stroke volume (vol ejected from left ventricle per beat: 80-100ml avg)

Question 12

What is average heart Rate?

Answer 12

60-100 bpm

Question 13

What results in low cardiac output?

Answer 13

Heart rate: too fast, too slow, or out of rhythm

Stroke vol: blood loss, heart megaly

High cardiac output not possible

Question 14

What does low cardiac output feel like?

Answer 14

Palpitations 
Lightheaded or dizzy/confused
Cold
Weak/tired/fatigued
Nauseated

Question 15

What does low cardiac output look like?

Answer 15

Cool, clammy, white/ blue skin
Muscle tremors (can’t take EKG this way)
Loss of balance
Poor speech

Question 16

What is EKG?

Answer 16

Measuring and mapping of electrical activity in the heart muscle

Question 17

Why is EKG useful?

Answer 17

Identify arrhythmia

Diagnose myocardial infarctions

Determine effect or side effect of drug therapy

Determine heart damage from hypertension (HTN), viral infection, or electrolyte disturbance