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PT 854 Integument > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is skin the thickest and thinnest?

A

.5 mm tympanic membrane

6 mm soles of feet and palms of hands

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2
Q

What is the integumentary system composed of?

A 
Skin
Skin Appendages (hair, nails, sebaceous (oil), and sudoriferous (sweat) glands)
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3
Q

What are the layers of skin?

A

Epidermis and dermis

-separated by basement membrane

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4
Q

What are some common features about the epidermis?

A

Avascular
Derived from embryonic ectoderm
Has a 26-42 day turnover time (every 2 months new epidermis)

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5
Q

What type of cells make up the epidermis?

A

Stratified Squamous epithelial cells (keratinocytes)

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6
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A 
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidium
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
(Come Lets Get Sun Burned)
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7
Q

This layer of the epidermis is composed of dead keratinized cells that are thin, flat, and anucleated

A

Stratum Corneum

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8
Q

What layer of the epidermis is almost non existent in thinner skin?

A

Stratum Lucidum

also known as the transitional layer

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9
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is composed of diamond shaped cells containing proteins to help organize keratin filaments and contains active nuclei?

A

Stratum Granulosum

granulate proteins here

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10
Q

Which layer of the epidermis contains desmosomes (cell-cell junction), provides adhesion between cells and resists mechanical forces?

A

Stratum Spinosum

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11
Q

This is the inner most layer of the epidermis and contains a single layer of mitotically active cells.

A

Stratum Basale

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12
Q

How long does it take for cells to go from the stratum basal to the stratum corneum?

A

14 days to get to corneum

14 days to move through corneum and slough off

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13
Q

Which type of cells are responsible for skin pigmentation and where are they located?

A

Melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epidermis

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14
Q

What is the ratio of melanocytes to other basal cells?

A

1 melanocyte to 36 basal cells

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15
Q

What’s the difference between melanocyte and melanosome?

A

Melanocyte- produces melanin

Melanosome: - organelle in melanocyte that synthesizes, stores, and transports melanin

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16
Q

What causes the difference in skin color?

A

Size and number of melanosomes
Distribution of melanosomes
Activity of melanocytes

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17
Q

What is the BMZ?

A

Dermal-epidermal junction

-anchors epidermis to dermis

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18
Q

What layer is affected in blister formation?

A

Basement Membrane Zone (BMZ)

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19
Q

What are some general facts about the dermis?

A

Thickest layer of skin
Vascularized,
innervated,
Primarily populated by fibroblasts (produce collagen)

20
Q

What are the 2 major proteins in the dermis and how thick is this layer?

A

Proteins: Collagen & Elastin

Ranges from 2-4 mm in thickness

21
Q

What are the functions of the dermis?

A 
Nutritional support
Immune surveillance
Wound Healing
Thermal regulation
Hemostasis (stores blood)
22
Q

What process is mediated by angioblasts?

A

Vasculogenesis

23
Q

What is angiogenesis?

A

Process of forming new vessels from preexisting vessels

24
Q

What layer of skin is directly below the BMZ and what is its purpose?

A

Papillary dermis

-contains papillary loops that supply oxygen and nutrients to the overlying epidermis via the BMZ

25
Q

How does the papillary dermis control interstitial pressure?

A

Contains lymphatic vessels that regulate resorption of fluid and assist in clearing the tissues of cells, lips, bacteria, proteins, and other degraded substances

26
Q

What layer former the base of the dermis?

A

Reticular dermis - has thicker collagen fibers then the papillary dermis but there is no clear separation

27
Q

How is fluid in the movement of the lymph system partially controlled in the reticular dermis?

A

Controlled by arterial pulsation, muscle contractions, and body movements

28
Q

What is the most important portent for healing in the body and gives skin its tensile strength?

A

Collagen

accounts for 25% of skin’s total weight

29
Q

Which protein in skin allows for recoil and prevents the skin from being permanently reshaped?

A

Elastin

30
Q

Name some of the dermal appendages?

A 
Hair follicles
Sebaceous Glands (oil)
Sudoriferous glands (sweat)
31
Q

Which layer is composed of adipose tissue containing subnormal plexus of blood vessels also known as the superficial fascia?

A

Hypodermis

32
Q

What are some of the functions of the hypodermis?

A 
Attaches dermis to underlying structures
Provides insulation for the body
Ready reserve of energy
Additional cushioning
Adds to the mobility of the skin over underlying structures
33
Q

How much blood can be stored in the integumentary system?

A

1/3 of total blood volume

34
Q

What are some functions of the integumentary system?

A 
Protection
Immunity
Thermoregulation
Sensation
Metabolism
Communication
Vitamin D Synthesis
Blood Reservoir
35
Q

How can the integument system protect the body?

A
  • Tough fibroelastic tissue protects against mechanical assaults
  • Prevents loss of fluids (electrolyte imbalances)
  • Pigmentation provides UV radiation protection
36
Q

How does the skin help with immunity?

A
  • Langerhans Cells transport antigens (bacterial interference only, no viral protection)
  • physical barrier
  • Has Acidic pH (4-6.8) makes for harsh environment
37
Q

What are the 2 categories of skin bacterial flora?

A

Resident - Bacteria normally found on a person

Transient - Bacteria not normally found and usually shed by daily hygienic practices

38
Q

How does the skin help with thermoregulation?

A
  • Outside barrier
  • Circulation (dilate to dissipate heat)
  • Sweating
  • Releases heat by conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation
  • Constricts vessels to move blood to underlying body organs (causes goosebumps)
39
Q

What are the 2 types of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine

Apocrine (in hair follicles, no significant role in thermoregulation)

40
Q

What are some facts about Eccrine glands?

A
  • Arise from epidermal invagination
  • Found abundantly on palms and soles
  • Largely under control of nervous system
  • Respond to temperature differences and emotional stimulation
41
Q

How does the skin’s sensation help the body?

A
  • Protection from surrounding environment

- Assists with regulatory function (signals sweating, shivering, weight shifts,)

42
Q

How does the skin function with communication?

A
  • Body image
  • Non-verbal communication
  • Show emotion
  • Expressions
43
Q

What is the importance of Vit D and where is it synthesized?

A

Participates in calcium and phosphate metabolism and is important in mineralization of bone.
Synthesized in skin

44
Q

When is Vit D considered and active hormone?

A

When its been converted to Calcitriol

45
Q

What type of skin has higher Vitamin D synthesis rates?

A

Lightly pigmented skin has higher Vit D sythenized then darker skin

PT 854 Integument (11 decks)

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